第五篇      動      詞 

    第八章  直接敘述與間接敘述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)

 

Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age.

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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)

1.

間接敘述的定義

2.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用

3.

引述動詞之使用及其位置

4.

疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同

5.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變

6.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變

7.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變

8.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變

 

1.

引述動詞 (introductory verbs) 若是現在式,由直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態保持不變

 

2.

引述動詞若是過去式 (如 he said),由直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞時態之變與不變

 

 

A.

直接敘述裡是現在式時,間接敘述裡之變與不變:

 

 

B.

直接敘述裡是過去式時,間接敘述裡之變與不變

 

 

C.

直接敘述裡是現在進行式時,在間接敘述裡之變與不變:

 

 

D.

直接敍述裡若是過去進行式,在間接敍述裡之變與不變

 

 

E.

直接敍述裡若是現在完成式、或現在完成進行式,在間接敍述裡改爲過去完成式或過去完成進行式。  如:

 

 

 

 

續 上 期

 

 

F.

直接敍述裡若是過去完成式或過去完成進行式,在間接敍述裡由於無法改變,而不得不保持不變。 如:

 

 

 

(1)

直:

He said, “I had been happy till she died.”
(他說, “我一直到她死爲止都生活得很快樂。”)

 

 

 

 

間:

He said he had been happy till she died (or had died).
(他說他一直到她死爲止都生活得很快樂。)

 

 

 

 

 

時間子句裡的過去式雖可改爲過去完成式,但通常都保持不變。因此 till 子句裡的過去式 died 不變最好。

 

 

 

(2)

直:

He said, “At least two hundred people were waiting in line to buy tickets. Some of them had been standing in line for more than three hours. We decided not to try to get tickets for ourselves.”
(他說, “至少有兩百人在排隊等著要買票。 有些人已經排隊站了三個小時以上,所以我 們決定不買了。”)

 

 

 

 

間:

He told us that at least two hundred people were waiting in line to buy tickets, and that some of them had been standing in line for more than three hours, so they decided not to try to get tickets for themselves.
(他告訴我們至少有兩百人在排隊買票,並且說有些人已經排了三個多小時,所以他們決定不買了。)

 

 

G.

條件句裡時態之變與不變

a.

原則上,條件句裡的動詞是現在的形式時,要改成過去的形式。 如:

 

 

 

 

(1)

直:

Mary said, “If I have enough time, I write to my parents every week.”
(瑪麗說, “如果我有時間,我每星期都寫信給我的父母。”)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

Mary said (that) if she had enough time, she wrote to her parents every week.
(瑪麗說如果她有時間,她每星期都給她的父母寫信。)

 

 

 

 

(2)

直:

Mary said, “If I don't eat breakfast, I always get hungry during class.”
(瑪麗說, “我如果不吃早飯,上課時總是會餓。”)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

Mary said if she didn't eat breakfast, she always got hungry during class.
(瑪麗說她如果沒吃早飯,上課時總是會餓。)

 

from 賀氏英文法全書

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