第五篇      動      詞 

    第八章  直接敘述與間接敘述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)

 

Constant dropping wears away a stone.

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from 賀氏英文法全書

二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)

1.

間接敘述的定義

2.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用

3.

引述動詞之使用及其位置

4.

疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同

5.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變

6.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變

7.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變

8.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變

9.

引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變

 

1.

原則上由現在式改為過去式。  如:

 

2.

若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敍述裡仍用現在式。  如:

 

 

 

 

續 上 期

 

3.

Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變:

 

 

A.

被用來詢問對方的觀點或訊息時,相當於 Do you think if I shall ...? 改變成間接敍述時則用 he/they would。 如:

 

 

 

(1)

直:

He said, “Shall I be in Taipei in time for supper if I catch the 13:30 train?”
(他說, “如果我乘十三點半的火車,來不來得及到台北吃晚飯?”)

 

 

 

 

間:

He asked if he would be in Taipei in time for supper if he caught the 13:30 train.
(他問如果他乘十三點半的火車,他是否來得及到台北吃晚飯。)

 

 

 

(2)

直:

Shall we succeed in our examinations?” they wondered.
(“我們會不會考取?” 他們很想知道。)

 

 

 

 

間:

They wondered if they would succeed in their examinations.
(他們很想知道會不會考取。)

 

 

B.

被用來請求指示時,相當於 Do you want / allow me to...? 改變成間接敍述時用 he / they should。 如:

 

 

 

(1)

直:

Shall I marry him?” Mary said to her mother.
(“我要不要嫁給他?” 瑪麗對她的母親說。)

 

 

 

 

間:

Mary asked her mother if she should marry him.
(瑪麗問她的母親是不是要她嫁給他。)

 

 

 

(2)

直:

The students said, “Shall we clean the windows, Miss Lee?”
(那些學生說, “要不要我們擦窗子, 李老師?”)

 

 

 

 

間:

The students asked Miss Lee if they should clean the windows.
(那些學生問李老師要不要他們擦窗子。)

 

 

()

引述動詞是現在式時,請求指示的 “Shall I/we? 在間接敍述裡也要改爲 he/they should。 如:

 

 

 

 

直:

He says, “Shall I carry your luggage for you?”
(他說, “要不要我替你搬行李?”)

 

 

 

 

間:

He wants to know if he should carry my luggage for me.
(他想知道我是否要他替我搬行李。)

 

 

C.

被用來提出建議時,間接敍述裡的主要動詞用 suggest, that 子句裡的動詞在正式的場合都是用 “should+原形” ()或“原形” (美)。—— 在非正式的場合常用過去式。suggest 之後也可接動名詞。 如:

 

 

 

(1)

直:

Shall we meet at the airport?” he said.

 

 

 

 

or:

Let's meet at the airport, shall we?” he said. 
(“我們在機場見,好嗎?” 他說。)

 

 

 

 

間:

He suggested that we (should) meet at the airport.

 

 

 

 

or:

He suggested that we met at the airport.

 

 

 

 

or:

He suggested our meeting at the airport.
(他提議我們在機場相見。)

 

 

 

(2)

直:

He said, “Shall we not say anything about it till we hear the facts?”

 

 

 

 

or:

He said, “Let's not say anything about it till we hear the facts, shall we?”
(他說, “得知事實真相之前,我們不要妄加評論,好不好?”)

 

 

 

 

間:

He suggested that they shouldn't say (or they not say) anything about it till they heard the facts.

 

 

 

 

or:

He suggested not saying anything about it till they heard the facts.

 

 

 

 

or:

He suggested saying nothing about.
(他建議他們在得知事實真相前不要妄加評論。)

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