第五篇      動      詞 

    第八章  直接敘述與間接敘述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)

 

Prevention is better than cure.

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from 賀氏英文法全書

二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)

1.

間接敘述的定義

2.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用

3.

引述動詞之使用及其位置

4.

疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同

5.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變

6.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變

7.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變

8.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變

9.

引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變

 

1.

原則上由現在式改為過去式。  如:

 

2.

若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敍述裡仍用現在式。  如:

 

3.

Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變:C

 

4.

must可以保持不變,但由於有多種作用,因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。C

 

5.

need 的變與不變:

 

6.

could 的變與不變

 

7.

should/ought to 的變與不變

 

8.

might 的變與不變

 

9.

had better/used to 保持不變

 

10.

表示 “命令、請求、勸告” 的句子之轉變

 

 

1.

表示命令、請求、勸告的祈使句在間接敍述裡除了非常正式的場合用名詞子句外,通常都是用 “V.+O.+不定詞” 的結構。——其中 “V.(動詞)” 的使用須視句義與引述者引述時的語氣或態度而定,可能用到的有 advise, ask, beg, command, encourage, entreat, forbid, implore, invite, order, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn。C

 

 

 

 

續 上 期

 

 

2.

非祈使句的請求、勸告,以及表示承諾、許可、禁止等的直接敍述在間接敍述裡也可用 “V. (+O.)+不定詞” 的結構。  如:C

 

 

 

(1)

直:

He said, “I will pay the money by the end of this month.”
(他說, “最遲到月底我一定付錢。”)

 

 

 

 

間:

He promised to pay the money by the end of the month.
(他答應最遲到月底付錢。)C

 

 

 

(2)

直:

He said, “I won't pay the money.”
(他說, “我不願付這筆錢。”)C

 

 

 

 

間:

He refused to pay the money.
(他拒絕付這筆錢。)

 

 

 

(3)

直:

He said to me, “I will lend you the money.”C
(他向我說, “我願意借給你這筆錢。”)C

 

 

 

 

間:

He offered to lend me the money.
(他表示要借給我這筆錢。)C

 

 

 

(4)

直:

He said to me, “Will you accompany me a short way?”C
(他向我說, “你願不願意陪我一小段路?”)C

 

 

 

 

間:

He asked me to accompany him a short way.
(他叫我陪他一小段路。)C

 

 

 

(5)

直:

My father said, “You must tell the truth.”
(我爸爸說, “你必須說實話。”)C

 

 

 

 

間:

My father forced me to tell the truth.
(我爸爸逼著我說實話。)C

 

 

 

(6)

直:

He said to me, “You mustn't tell anyone my secret.”C
(他向我說, “你不可以把我的秘密告訴任何人。”)C

 

 

 

 

間:

He forbade me to tell anyone his secret.
(他不許我把他的秘密告訴任何人。)C

 

 

 

(7)

直:

The teacher said to me, “You may leave early.”C
(老師對我說, “你可以早一點離開。”)C

 

 

 

 

間:

The teacher permitted me to leave early.
(老師允許我早點離開。)C

 

 

 

(8)

直:

When I was growing up, my parents said (to me), “You may stay up late on Saturday night.”C
(當我漸漸地長大了, 我的父母說, “星期六晚上你可以遲一點睡覺。”)

 

 

 

 

間:

When I was growing up, my parents allowed me to stay up late on Saturday night.
(當我漸漸地長大了, 我的父母准許我星期六晚上遲一點睡覺。)C

 

 

 

(9)

直:

The  teacher always said to us, “You should come to class on time.”
(教師總是對我們說, “你們應該準時來上課。”)C

 

 

 

 

間:

The teacher always expected us to come to class on time.
(老師總是希望我們準時來上課。)C

 

 

 

(10)

直:

My advisor said, “You shouldn't worry.”
(我的顧問說, “你不該擔心。”)C

 

 

 

 

間:

My advisor advised me not to worry.
(我的顧問勸我不要擔心。)C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(16)

直:

I wouldn't speak to her again if I were you,” he said.C
(“如果我是你我就不再理她了,” 他說。)C

 

 

 

 

間:

He advised me not to speak to her again.
(他勸我不要再理她。)C

 

 

 

()

(a)

ask之後可以沒有受詞而直接接不定詞 (如 ask to see, ask to speak to 等)。  如:

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

直:

He said, “Could I see Mr.A, please?”C
(他說, “請問,我能不能見A先生?”)C

 

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He asked to see Mr.A.
(他要求見A先生。)

 

 

 

 

 

(2)

直:

“Could I speak to the secretary, please?” she said.C
(“請問,我可不可以和秘書講話?” 她說。)

 

 

 

 

 

 

間:

She asked to speak to the secretary.  (or She asked for the secretary.)C
(她要求與秘書講話。)

 

 

 

 

(b)

有些動詞 (如 ask, beg) 之後可以根據意義上的需要接被動語態的不定詞。也有些動詞 (如 order, forbid) 本身可以用被動語態後接不定詞。  如:C

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

直:

“Do, please, send me abroad for further study,” he asked (or begged).C
(“請務必要送我出國深造,” 他懇求道。)C

 

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He asked (or begged) to be sent abroad for further study.C
(他懇求被送出國深造。)C

 

 

 

 

 

 

or:

He asked his parents to send him abroad for further study.C
(他懇求他的父母送他出國深造。)C

 

 

 

 

 

(2)

直:

“Forget all about this young man,” said her parents; “don't see him again or answer his letters.”C
(“徹底忘掉這個年輕人,” 她的父母說道; “不要再見他,也不要給他回信。”)

 

 

 

 

 

 

間:

She was ordered to forget all about the young man and forbidden to see him again or answer his letters.
(她被命令徹底忘掉那個年輕人而且被禁止再見他或給他回信。)C

 

 

 

 

 

 

or:

Her parents ordered her to forget all about the young man and told her not to see him again or answer his letters.
(她的父母命令她徹底忘掉那個年輕人並叫她別再見他或給他回信。)

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