第五篇      動      詞 

    第九章  助動詞  (Auxiliary Verb)  

二、BeC

1.

be 的性質

be 動詞是助動詞和主動詞兩者兼用的動詞 (見下列用法),除了在被動語態裡, be 是很少用進行式的 (參閱 p.547-10)。

2.

be的省略式:

現   在

過   去

I am  →  I'm

I was  →  無

I am not  →  I'm not

I was not  →  I wasn't

am I?  →  無

was I?  →  無

am I not?  →  amn't I? (少用)

was I not?  →  wasn't I?

 

 

you are  →  you're

you were  →  無

you are not  →  you aren't / you're not

you were not  →  you weren't

are you?  →  無

were you?  →  無

are you not?  →  aren't you?

were you not?  →  weren't you?

 

 

he is  →  he's

he was  →  無

he is not  →  he isn't/he's not

he was not  →  he wasn't

is he?  →  無

was he?  →  無

is he not?  →  isn't he?

was he not?  →  wasn't he?

 

 

she is  →  she's

she was  →  無

she is not  →  she isn't/she's not

she was not  →  she wasn't

is she?  →  無

was she?  →  無

is she not?  →  isn't she?

was she not?  →  wasn't she?

 

 

it is  →  it's

it was  →  無

it is not  →  it isn't

it was not  →  it wasn't

is it?  →  無

was it?  →  無

is it not?  →  isn't it?

was it not?  →  wasn't it?

 

 

we are  →  we're

we were  →  無

we are not  →  we aren't / we're not

we were not  →  we weren't

are we?  →  無

were we?  →  無

are we not?  →  aren't we?

were we not?  →  weren't we?

 

 

they are  →  they're

they were  →  無

they are not  →  they aren't / they're not

they were not  →  they weren't

are they?  →  無

were they?  →  無

are they not?  →  aren't they?

were they not?  →  weren't they?

 

 

there is   →   there's

there was  →  無

there is not   →   there isn't / these's not

there was not  →  there wasn't

is there?   →   無

was there?  →  無

is there not?  →  isn't there?

was there not?  →  wasn't there?

 

(

)

(a)

肯定的現在式都是和主詞省略成一個字;但肯定的過去式以及肯定的疑問句 (無論是現在式還是過去式)均無省略式。C

 

 

 

(b)

否定的現在式既可和not又可和主詞省略成一個字,否定的過去式都是和not省略成一個字,疑問句也是如此。(例外:I am not  →  I'm not)

 

 

 

(c)

在日常口語中除了要加強否定的語氣外,多用省略式。

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