The Best and Worst Jobs of 2011 2011 年






by Marcus Maurice

Start studying math right now!

  When determining the best and worst jobs in the world, researchers looked at five core criteria. These were work environment, physical demands, future outlook, income, and stress levels. For the past few years, being a mathematician or an actuary topped the list because of their _(1)_ environments and low physical demands. This year, the number one spot on the best jobs list was a software engineer. While there is still a lot of math involved, it's easy to see that the world is _(2)_ a technology-based society. People are needed to build apps for the iPad and iPhone, _(3)_ more video games and software, and expand the concepts of cloud computing. Mathematician _(4)_ second, while actuary was third on the list. Rounding out the rest of the top 10 in _(5)_ were statistician, computer systems analyst, meteorologist, biologist, historian, audiologist, and dental hygienist.
  On the _(6)_ end of the spectrum, long hours, low pay, high risk of injury, and being away from loved ones for extended periods of time made being a roustabout the worst job of 2011. Roustabouts _(7)_ oil rigs and pipelines on and off shore. It's a _(8)_ job with unpredictable hours and can be very dangerous in certain parts of the world that have unstable governments. Also, due to the recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the US has _(9)_ a seven-year ban on drilling, which has made their job prospects worse. Other jobs that ranked at the bottom were ironworker, lumberjack, roofer, taxi driver, ambulance driver, welder, painter, meter reader, and construction worker. Most of these jobs were ranked low because of the negative _(10)_ they have on workers' bodies. Take these lists into account when making a career choice.

(A) develop (B) opposite (C) order (D) relaxed (E) came in (F) imposed (G) impact (H) maintain (I) backbreaking
(J) turning into
原來如此 


1. For the past few years, being a mathematician or an actuary topped the list because of their relaxed environments and low physical demands.
理由:
a. 空格前有所有格 their(他們的),其後有名詞 environment(環境),可知空格內應置入形容詞或可作形容詞的分詞,修飾 environment。
b. 符合上述的選項計有 (B) opposite(相反的)、(D) relaxed(輕鬆的),以及 (I) backbreaking(非常辛苦的),惟 relaxed 置入後符合語意,可知應選 (D)。

2. While there is still a lot of math involved, it's easy to see that the world is turning into a technology-based society.
理由:
a. 空格前後有 be 動詞 is 和名詞詞組 a technology-based society(科技化社會),可知空格應置入及物動詞或片語及物動詞的現在分詞形。
b. 符合上述的選項只有 (J) turning into(轉變成……),置入後亦符合語意,故選之。
c. turn into...  轉變成……(= change into...)
例: The caterpillar will turn into a butterfly inside its cocoon.
(毛毛蟲會在繭裡面蛻變成蝴蝶。)

3. People are needed to build apps for the iPad and iPhone, develop more video games and software, and expand...
理由:
a. 空格前有不定詞 to,空格後有名詞詞組 more video games and software(更多的遊戲和軟體),可知空格內應置入原形的及物動詞或片語及物動詞。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (A) develop(研發)、(C) order(命令,指揮)、(G) impact(影響)和 (H) maintain(保養;維修),惟 develop 置入後符合語意,可知應選 (A)。

4. Mathematician came in second, while actuary was third on the list.
理由:
a. 空格前有主詞 Mathematician(數學家),後有表名次的名詞 second(第 2 名),且根據本句時態,可知空格應置入過去式的及物動詞或片語及物動詞。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (E) came in(得到……名次)和 (F) imposed(把……強加於),惟 came in 置入後符合語意,並形成以下固定用法:
come in + 名次  得到……名次
例: Linda came in fifth out of the 2,000 people in the essay contest.
(琳達在 2 千人參加的作文比賽中得到第 5 名。)
c. 根據上述,可知應選 (E)。

5. Rounding out the rest of the top 10 in order were statistician, ..., and dental hygienist.
理由:
a. 空格前有介詞 in,可知空格內應置入名詞。
b. 選項中為名詞的有 (B) opposite(相反的事物)、(C) order(順序)和 (G) impact(影響),惟 order 置入後符合語意,並與 in 形成下列固定用法:
in order  按順序
例: Please do things in order. Don't put the cart before the horse.
(做事請按部就班,切勿本末倒置。)
c. 根據上述,可知 (C) 應為正選。

6. On the opposite end of the spectrum, long hours, low pay, high risk of injury, ...made being a roustabout the worst job of 2011.
理由:
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the,後有名詞 end(末端),可知空格內應置入形容詞或可作形容詞的分詞,修飾 end。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (B) opposite(相反的)以及 (I) backbreaking(非常辛苦的),惟 opposite 置入後符合語意,可知應選 (B)。
c. opposite a. 相反的 & n. 相反的事物
例: My sister and I hold opposite views on the issue of capital punishment.
(我和妹妹對死刑的議題持相反意見。)

7. Roustabouts maintain oil rigs and pipelines on and off shore.
理由:
a. 空格前有主詞 Roustabouts(非技術工人),後有受詞 oil rigs and pipelines(鑽油設備和輸油管),且根據下一句時態,可知空格內應置入及物動詞或片語及物動詞的現在式。
b. 選項中為原形及物動詞的有 (G) impact(影響)和 (H) maintain(維修;保養),然根據語意,可知應選 (H)。
c. maintain vt. 維修;保養;維持
例: It costs a lot of money to maintain the giant building.
(這棟龐大的建築物維修起來耗費甚鉅。)

8. It's a backbreaking job with unpredictable hours and can be very dangerous in certain parts of the world that have unstable governments.
理由:
a. 空格前有不定冠詞 a,後有名詞 job(工作),可知空格內應置入形容詞或可作形容詞的分詞。
b. 符合上述的選項僅剩 (I) backbreaking(非常辛苦的),置入後亦符合語意,故選之。
c. backbreaking a. 非常辛勞的
例: James spent four hours doing the backbreaking job of weeding the garden.
(詹姆士花了 4 小時在花園做辛苦的除草工作。)

9. Also, due to the recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the US has imposed a seven-year ban on drilling, ...
理由:
a. 空格前有表現在完成式的助動詞 has,後有名詞詞組 a seven-year ban(7 年禁令),可知空格內應置入過去分詞形的及物動詞。
b. 符合上述的選項僅剩 (F) imposed(把……強加於),置入後亦符合語意,故選之。
c. impose vt. 把……強加於
impose A on B  把 A 施加∕加諸於 B
impose a ban on...  對……施以禁令
例: The government has imposed a ban on smoking in public places.
(政府已下達在公共場所吸菸的禁令。)

10. Most of these jobs were ranked low because of the negative impact they have on workers' bodies.
理由:
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the 和形容詞 negative(負面的),可知空格內應置入名詞。
b. 選項中為名詞的僅剩 (G) impact(影響),置入後亦符合語意,故選之。
c. impact n. 影響;衝擊
have an impact on...  對……有影響∕衝擊
例: The writer's style had a deep impact on his literary successors.
(這位作家的寫作風格對後世文人有深遠的影響。)
精解字詞片語 


1. determine vt. 決定;確定
例: The scientists analyzed the moon rocks to determine their composition.
(科學家們分析那塊月球岩石以確定它們的成份。)

2. criteria n. 標準,準則(複數形)
criterion n. 標準,準則(單數形)
例: You have to meet our criteria to qualify for membership.
(你必須符合我們的標準才能取得會員資格。)

3. outlook n. 展望,前景
例: The economic outlook is still uncertain.
(經濟的前景仍充滿不確定性。)

4. see + that 子句  了解……
例: At first, I thought Jim was mean, but now I see that he is just shy.
(起初我以為吉姆很兇,但現在我了解他只不過是害羞罷了。)

5. expand vt. 擴充,發展
例:Alex wants to expand his business into America.
(艾力克斯想要把他的事業拓展到美國。)

6. round out...  徹底完成……;使……完整
例: We need one more person to round out our team for the basketball tournament.
(本隊還缺一個人才能組隊參加籃球錦標賽。)

7. unpredictable a. 不可預料的,出乎預料的
例: My sister has an unpredictable temper.
(我姐姐的脾氣無法預測。)

8. prospects n. 前景,前途(恆用複數)
例: Every graduate wants a job with good prospects.
(每個畢業生都想找一份有前途的工作。)

9. construction n. 建築,建造
a construction worker  建築工人
under construction  建造中,施工中
例: The road is under construction, so a detour has been set up.
(這條道路正在施工,所以設置了一條替代道路。)

10. take...into account  將……列入考量
= take...into consideration
例: Before criticizing Sam, you should take his inexperience into account.
(在批評山姆之前,你必須顧及他的經驗不足。)
單字小舖 


1. core n. 核心
2. income n. 收入,所得
3. mathematician n. 數學家
4. actuary n.(保險)精算師
5. spot n. 位置
6. software n. 軟體
7. app n. 應用程式(= application)
8. concept n. 觀念,概念
9. cloud computing n. 雲端運算
注意:
雲端運算裡的『雲』就是指『網路』,雲端運算就是利用網路溝通多台電腦的運算工作,或是透過網路連線取得由遠端主機提供的服務等。
10. statistician n. 統計員
11. analyst n. 分析師
12. meteorologist n. 氣象學家
13. audiologist n. 聽力學專家
14. hygienist n. 保健專家
15. spectrum n.(與同個議題相關的)範圍;幅度
16. extended a. 長期的;延伸的
17. roustabout n.(尤指油田、煉油廠的非技術)普通工人;碼頭工人
18. rig n. 船具;裝備
19. pipeline n. 輸油管;管路,管線
20. shore n. 岸
on shore  在岸上
off shore  離岸
21. unstable a. 動盪的;不穩定的
22. ban n. 禁令,禁止
23. drilling n. 鑽井;鑽孔
24. ironworker n. 鋼鐵工人
25. lumberjack n. 伐木工人
26. roofer n. 蓋屋頂的工人
27. ambulance n. 救護車
28. welder n. 焊工
29. meter n. 計量器
a meter reader  抄表員
中文翻譯&標準答案 


2011 年好工作、壞工作排行榜
現在開始用功讀數學!
  在決定世界上最好和最糟的工作時,研究人員檢視 5 個核心準則,包括工作環境、勞力付出、未來遠景、收入和壓力指數。過去幾年來,數學家或是保險精算師因為工作環境輕鬆,又不需付出許多勞力,所以拿下最佳 工作榜的冠軍。今年,最佳工作的頭銜讓給軟體工程師。雖然工作內容還是跟數學脫不了關係,但是很容易看出世界正在朝科技化社會前進,這類人才的需求也就應 運而生,包括建立 iPad 及 iPhone 的應用程式、研發更多遊戲和軟體,以及擴展雲端運算的概念。數學家緊追在後,而保險精算師則排名第 3。排行榜前 10 名剩下的依序是統計員、電腦系統分析師、氣象學家、生物學家、歷史學家、聽力學專家和牙科保健師。
  另一方面,工時長、薪資低、受傷風險高和長時間與所愛之人分離,使油田的非技術工人成為 2011 年最糟的工作。非技術工人維修保養岸上或海上的鑽油設備和輸油管。這份工作既辛苦又工時不定,在某些政局動盪不安的國家更是相當危險。此外,由於最近墨西 哥灣的漏油事件,美國政府已經下達 7 年的禁鑽令,更讓這份工作前景堪憂。其它墊底的工作還有鋼鐵工人、伐木工人、屋頂工人、計程車司機、救護車駕駛員、焊接工、油漆工、抄表員和建築工人。大 部分排名不高的工作都是因為會對工人身體造成不良影響。選擇工作時,記得參考一下這份名單。

答案: 1. (D) 2. (J) 3. (A) 4. (E) 5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (H) 8. (I) 9. (F) 10. (G)



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