Luis國際資訊事務所

CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) agent Aldrich Ames walked into a Russian Embassy in 1985 and offered to sell them classified information. _(1)_ During this time, the CIA gave him two lie detector tests and he passed both with flying colors.
　　A lie detector, also known as a polygraph machine, measures a person's blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and skin conductivity, while he or she is questioned. The polygraph machine can't actually measure a lie; it can only detect whether deceptive behavior is displayed. _(2)_ Most experts agree that the main goal of a lie detector is to elicit a confession, not to find out if a person is telling the truth.
　　_(3)_ The most well-known way is to put a tack into one's shoe. When the examiner asks a question, the subject tells the truth, but then steps on the tack. This pain is interpreted as a lie, making real lies less noticeable. _(4)_
　　If someone understands the polygraph test, it is possible to beat it. In an interview after he was convicted of spying, Aldrich Ames was asked how he passed the lie detector test. _(5)_
── by Marcus Maurice

(A)Since the invention of the polygraph machine in 1935, people have been coming up with outrageous ways to beat it.
(B) For the next nine years, Ames made over 2.5 million US dollars spying for the Russians.
(C) Nowadays, people are oftentimes required to take off their shoes before being tested.
(D) He answered that when he knew he was going to have to take the test, the Russians told him to just relax.
(E) This fact makes the polygraph test highly controversial because its accuracy has been difficult to establish.

　　1985年美國中央情報局幹員奧德里奇‧埃姆斯走進蘇聯大使館，提出要賣給他們機密資料。接下來9年，埃姆斯為蘇聯蒐集情報，賺進了250萬美元。在這段期間，中央情報局對他進行兩次測謊，而埃姆斯兩次都以高分通過。
　　測謊器測量人在接受訊問時的血壓、心跳、呼吸和皮膚電阻。測謊器其實測不到謊言，而只是偵測是否有說謊時的行為。這使得測謊極具爭議性，因為其準確性一直難以建立。多數專家同意測謊器的主要功能在於引人招供，而非查明是否在說實話。
　　自1935年測謊器發明以來，人們就不斷想出各種光怪陸離的破解之道。最有名的招數是把圖釘放在鞋子裡。考官發問時，受試者先說實話，然後踩一下圖釘。這種痛楚會被解讀成在撒謊，使得真正說謊時較不引人注意。現在受試者常被要求在測謊前把鞋子脫掉。
　　了解測謊就有可能破解測謊。奧德里奇‧埃姆斯被判間諜罪成立後，有一次接受訪問他是如何通過測謊。他回答道，得知要被測謊時，俄國人對他說只要放輕鬆就沒事了。
標準答案: 1. (B) 2. (E) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (D)

單字:

1. embassy n. 大使館

2.classified a. 機密的

3.lie detector n. 測謊器

4.polygraph n. 測謊器

5.respiration n. 呼吸

6.conductivity n. 導電率，導電係數

7.deceptive a. 欺騙的

8.confession n. 招認，自白

9.tack n. 圖釘

10.noticeable a. 顯著的，引人注意的

片語:

1.detect vt. 查出，發覺
例:The doctor detected a small lump under the patient's armpit.
（醫生發現病人腋窩裡有個小腫塊。）

2.pass...with flying colors　　
以高分通過……（考試）
例:Robert passed his driving exam with flying colors.
（羅伯特以高分通過駕照考試。）

3.elicit vt. 引出；誘出
elicit sth from sb　　從某人誘出（事實、回應等）
例:Jeff elicited a smile from his girlfriend with a joke.
（傑夫說了個笑話，讓他的女友露出笑容。）

4.be interpreted as...　　解釋為……
interpret vt. 解釋，闡釋
例:The results of the X-ray were interpreted as being normal.
（經分析，X光的結果是正常的。）

5.beat vt. 擊敗，勝過
例:Nothing beats a bowl of ice cream on a hot summer's day.
（炎炎夏日裡沒有什麼比來一碗冰淇淋更讚的了。）

6.be convicted of...　　被判犯……罪
convict vt. 宣判……有罪
例:Several gangsters were convicted of drug trafficking.
（數名歹徒被判販毒罪成立。）

7.spy vi. 當間諜；監視 & n. 間諜
spy on sb　　監視某人，窺探某人
例:The man spied on his female coworkers via a web cam.
（那名男子以網路攝影機監看他的女同事。）

解題:

1.第一題空格應選 (B)
理由:
空格前說中央情報局幹員Aldrich Ames到俄國大使館（Russian Embassy）提出要販賣機密（offered to sell them classified information）。選項(B)承接前句語意，說Ames替俄國人蒐集情報而賺進250萬元（made over 2.5 million US dollars spying for the Russians）。兩句的人名Ames為關鍵字，且選項中的Russians（俄國人）呼應空格前的Russian Embassy （俄國大使館），故(B)為正選。

2.第二題空格應選 (E)
理由:　　
空格前指出測謊器其實測不到謊言，只能偵測有無說謊時的行為（can't actually measure a lie; it can only detect whether deceptive behavior is displayed）。選項(E)進一步說這使得測謊爭議性高（This fact makes the polygraph test highly controversial），因為其準確性難以建立。語意前後連貫，且(E)項中主詞This fact（這項事實）為關鍵字，即指前句所述的概念，故選之。
大補丸:
a. controversial a. 有爭議性的
controversy n. 爭論，爭議
例:The minister caused controversy when he bought a car with church funds.
（那位牧師用教堂經費為自己買了一輛車而引發爭議。）

b.accuracy n. 正確性，準確性

3. 第三題空格應選 (A)
理由:　　
空格後數句舉例破解測謊最有名的方法：把圖釘放在鞋子裡（The most well-known way is to put a tack into one's shoe.），受試者說實話後踩一下圖釘，使得測謊器將痛楚解讀為說謊的行為，因此真正說謊時反而較難偵測出（making real lies less noticeable）。選項(A)則說自從測謊器發明後，人們就一直想出光怪陸離，能破解測謊的方法（people have been coming up with outrageous ways to beat it），明顯為第二段的主題句，且選項(A)與空格後句子都有關鍵字way和ways，故選之。
大補丸:
a. come up with...　　想出……，提出……
例:We have to come up with a better plan to stop the workers from slacking.
（我們得想個更好的辦法，讓員工不再偷懶。）

b. outrageous a. 稀奇古怪的；駭人的

4.第四題空格應選 (C)
理由:　　
空格前數句說把圖釘放在鞋子裡可破解測謊，選項(C)提及執行測謊人員的反制之道，說現在測謊前，會要求受測者脫掉鞋子（Nowadays, people are oftentimes required to take off their shoes before being tested.），填入後語意連貫，且選項(C)的shoes與本段第二句的one's shoe形成關鍵字，故為正選。
大補丸:
a. oftentimes adv. 往往，常常

b.take off...　　脫掉……
put on...　　穿上……，戴上……
例:You should take off your hat when entering a building.
（進任何建築物時你該把帽子脫掉。）

5.第五題空格應選 (D)
理由:
空格前說Aldrich Ames被詢問他是如何通過測謊（was asked how he passed the lie detector test），選項(D)接著說他回答道，得知要被測謊時，俄國人對他說放輕鬆就好了。兩句語意連貫，選項中的代名詞he即指前句的Aldrich Ames，且(D)選項有關鍵字answered（回答），與前句的was asked（被詢問）形成對照，得知(D)為正選。

from 常春藤解析英語雜誌