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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
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5.
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直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時，人稱代名詞之改變：
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，this 和 these 之改變：
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•
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續 上 期
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，時間副詞與地方副詞之改變：由於引述者與被引述者說話的時間與地點之不同，因而間接敘述與直接敘述裡所使用的時間副詞與地方副詞亦因而有變。
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1.
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時間副詞之改變：
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直 接
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間 接
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now
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→ then/at once/straight away
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today
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→ that day
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yesterday
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→ the day before/the previous day
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the day before yesterday
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→ two days before
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tomorrow
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→ the next day/the following day
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the day after tomorrow
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→ in two days' time
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tomorrow or the day after
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→ the next day or the day after that
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last night/week/year
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→ the previous night/week/year
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next week/year
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→ the following week/year
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ago
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→ before
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “I must go now. My mother's expecting me.”
(他說， “我必須立刻走了， 我媽媽在等我。”)
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間：
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He said he had to (or must) go straight away because his mother was expecting him.
(他說他必須立刻走，因為他的母親在等他。)
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如果 now 不是 “立刻” 而是 “現在”，在間接敘述裡應該刪去，不必用任何字來代替，因為過去式的引述動詞已足以表示出是什麼時候。如下例：
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(2)
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直：
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He said, “I'm coming to see you now.”
(他說， “我現在要來看你。”)
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間：
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He said he was coming to see me.
(他說他要來看我。)
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(3)
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直：
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He said, “We went to see Helen yesterday. We're going again tomorrow.”
(他說， “我們昨天去看了海倫，明天我們還要去。”)
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間：
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He said they had gone to see Helen the day before and that they were going again the next day.
(他說他們頭一天去看了海倫，又說他們第二天還要去。)
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(4)
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直：
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My brother said, “You may take my car if you like. I shan't be needing it tomorrow or the day after.”
(我哥哥說， “如果你喜歡的話可以用我的車。明天或後天我不需要它。”)
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間：
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My brother told me I might take his car if I liked and said he wouldn't be needing it the next day or the day after that.
(我哥哥告訴我如果我喜歡的話我可以用他的車，並說第二天或第三天他不需要它。)
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(5)
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直：
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“I wrote to him the day before yesterday I wonder why he hasn't rung up,” she said.
(“前天我給他寫了封信。我不知道為什麼他還沒有打電話來。” 她說。)
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間：
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She said she had written to him two days before and wondered why he hadn't rung up.
(她說她兩天前給他寫了封信而且不知道他為什麼還沒有打電話來。)
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(6)
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直：
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“I'm starting the day after tomorrow, mother,” she said.
(“我後天就要出發了， 媽媽，” 她說。)
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間：
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She told her mother that she was starting in two day's time.
(她告訴她母親她再過兩天就要出發了。)
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(7)
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直：
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He said, “My son went abroad five days ago.”
(他說， “我兒子五天前出國了。”)
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間：
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He said that his son had gone abroad five days before.
(他說他兒子五天前出國了。)
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(註)
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以上所列時間副詞的改變並非絕對地一成不變，墨守規則可能會被誤導，有時候必須隨著直接敘述與間接敘述的談話時間而作適當的調整。 譬如：
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(a)
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如果直接敘述與間接敘述是在同一天，其中表示日期的時間副詞則不可改變。 如：
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直：
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At supper this evening he said, “I'll be very busy tomorrow.”
(今晚吃飯時他說， “明天我會很忙。”)
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間：
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At supper this evening he said that he would be very busy tomorrow.
(今晚吃飯時他說他明天會很忙。)
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(b)
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如果直接敘述與間接敘述相隔一天或兩天，時間副詞的改變與以上所列不同。 如：
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直：
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“Mary is coming the day after tomorrow,” Sunny said to me.
(“瑪麗後天會來。” 桑妮對我說。)
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第二天我說：
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間：
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Sunny told me that Mary was coming tomorrow.
(桑妮告訴我瑪麗明天會來。)
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過兩天說：
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間：
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Sunny told me that Mary was coming today.
(桑妮告訴我瑪麗今天會來。)
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