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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
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1.
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在直接敘述裡，無論被引用語是敘述句、祈使句、疑問句還是感歎句，引述動詞都可用 say。 如：
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2.
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say 的主詞是名詞而且不是放在句首時，往往倒置。 如：
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3.
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said 也可以用在間接敘述裡，後接 that 子句。
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4.
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tell 之後必須接某人，在直接敘述裡不可放在句首 (只可放在句尾或前後兩組引號的中間)。 如：
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5.
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在間接敘述裡，“say to 某人” 雖然可用，但以用 “tell某人” 較為普遍。 如：
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6.
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除了 say 和 tell 而外，還有許多動詞可以用作敘述句 (包括祈使句、感歎句) 裡的引述動詞，在間接敘述裡更是多采多姿。如：
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續 上 期
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5.
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直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時，人稱代名詞之改變：
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由於引述者和被引述者非指同一人，因此間接敍述裡所用的人稱代名詞時常改變。如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “Where should I meet you after class?”
(他說， “下課後我在哪裡和你見面?”)
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間：
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He asked me where he should meet me after class.
(他問我下課後他在哪裡和我見面。)
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(2)
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直：
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“There's a phone call for you,” he said. “It's your sister.”
(“有你的電話，” 他說， “是你姐姐。”)
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間：
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He told me that there was a phone call for me and that it was my sister.
(他告訴我有我的電話，並且說是我姐姐打來的。)
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(3)
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直：
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He said, “My father is a businessman. My mother is a teacher.”
(他說， “我爸爸是個生意人，我媽媽是教員。”)
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間：
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He said his father was a businessman and that his mother was a teacher.
(他說他的父親是個商人，他的母親是教員。)
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(註)
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引述者與被引述者是同一 (些)人時，人稱代名詞不變。如：
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(1)
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直：
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I said, “I like my new house.”
(我說， “我喜歡我的新房子。”)
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間：
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I said I liked my new house.
(我說我喜歡我的新房子。)
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(2)
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直：
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“We shall take the necessary action,” he said.
(“我們將採取必要的行動，” 他說。)
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間：
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He said we should take the necessary action.
(他說我們將採取必要的行動。)
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直接敍述裡的 we 包括引述者在內，所以在間接敍述裡不變。如果不包括引述者但包括聽者，則須將 we 改成you，如果兩者均不包括在內，則須將 we 改成 they。
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6.
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直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時，this 和 these 之改變：
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1.
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直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時，在時間詞語裡 this 改成 that， these 改成 those。如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “She is coming this morning.”
(他說， “她今天早晨要來。”)
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間：
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He said that she was coming that morning.
(他說她那天早晨要來。)
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(2)
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直：
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He said, “My father is quite well in these days.”
(他說， “這些天我父親很好。”)
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間：
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He said his father was quite well in those days.
(他說那些天他父親很好。)
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(註)
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如果 (1) 例中的引述者和被引述者是在同一個 morning 說的，this 不變。(2)例中的引述者是在被引述者說後不久說的，these 不變。
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2.
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在其他名詞之前的 this/these 通常都改成 the。如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “I bought this diamond ring for my wife.”
(他說， “我爲我太太買了這個鑽戒。”)
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間：
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He said he had bought the diamond ring for his wife.
(他說他爲他太太買了那個鑽戒。)
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(2)
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直：
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She said, “Who are these people in the next room?”
(她說， “隔壁房間裡的這些人是誰?”)
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間：
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She asked who the people in the next room were.
(她問隔壁房間裡的那些人是誰。)
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(註)
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上述這種改變非絕對的，有時須保持不變。如：
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直：
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“Take this book to Mr.B,” said my father.
(“把這本書拿去給B先生，” 我父親說。)
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間：
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My father told me to bring you this book.
(我父親叫我拿給你這本書。)
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3.
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作代名詞用的 this / these 改成 it / they / them。如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “We will discuss this tomorrow.”
(他說， “明天我們要就此進行討論。”)
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間：
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He said they would discuss it (or the matter) the next day.
(他說第二天他們要討論那個問題。)
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(2)
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直：
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He came back with two bloodstained knives and said, “I found these beside the king's bed.”
(他拿著兩把沾有血迹的刀回來了， 並且說， “我在國王的床邊發現了這些。”)
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間：
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He came back with two bloodstained knives and said that he had found them beside the king's bed.
(他拿著兩把沾著血迹的刀回來了， 並說他是在國王的床邊發現它們的。)
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4.
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this/these 表示選擇時，通常改成 the one/the ones near him 或類似的詞語。如：
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(1)
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直：
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“Which will you have? I asked. (你想要哪一個?” 我問。)
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“This (or This one, I'll have this one),” he said.
(“這個。” 他說。)
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間：
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I asked which one he would have and he said he would have the one near him (or the bigger one).
(我問他想要哪一個，他說他想要靠近他身邊的那一個〔較大的那個〕。)
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(2)
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直：
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“I don't think much of these,” he said.
(“我覺得這些並不怎麽樣，” 他說。)
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間：
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He said he didn't think much of the red ones.
(他說他覺得紅的那些並不怎麽樣。)
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