|
二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
|
|
1.
|
間接敘述的定義：
|
|
2.
|
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
|
|
3.
|
引述動詞之使用及其位置：
|
|
4.
|
疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
|
|
5.
|
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，人稱代名詞之改變：
|
|
6.
|
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，this 和 these 之改變：
|
|
7.
|
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，時間副詞與地方副詞之改變：
|
|
8.
|
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，動詞的時態之變與不變：
|
|
9.
|
引述動詞是過去式時，助動詞之變與不變：
|
|
|
1.
|
原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如：
|
|
|
2.
|
若直接敘述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實，間接敘述裡仍用現在式。 如：
|
|
|
3.
|
Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義，因此在間接敘述裡也有各種不同的改變：
|
|
|
4.
|
must可以保持不變，但由於有多種作用，因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。
|
|
|
|
A.
|
表示 “必要 (necessary)”—— 中文所謂的 “必要” 可能具有以下各種作用：
|
|
|
|
|
a.
|
表示長久的指令或轉述某一項規定——間接敍述裡依然用 must。 如：
|
|
|
|
|
b.
|
表示非立即的、非近期的或時間未確定的未來——此種作用的 must 相當於 will have to，因此在間接敍述裡通常都轉換成 would have to。 如：
|
|
|
5.
|
need 的變與不變：
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
|
|
|
|
續 上 期
|
|
|
6.
|
could 的變與不變：
|
|
|
|
A.
|
表示 “能力 (ability)”：
|
|
|
|
|
a.
|
指現在的能力時，保持不變。 如：
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
直：
|
“I could swim across the river!” he boasted.
(“我能遊過這條河!” 他吹噓道。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
爲什麽 can 的過去式竟可以指現在呢? 請閱 p.620-12。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
間：
|
He boasted that he could swim across the river.
(他吹噓他能遊過那條河。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
直：
|
“I couldn't (can't) stand on my head,” he said.
(“我不會倒立,” 他說。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
間：
|
He said he couldn't stand on his head.
(他說他不會倒立。)
|
|
|
|
|
b.
|
指未來的能力時，可以保持不變，也可以改成would be able to。 如：
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
直：
|
He said, “I could do it tomorrow.”
(他說， “我明天能做。”)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
間：
|
He said he could do (or would be able to do) it the next day.
(他說他第二天能做。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
直：
|
“I couldn't deliver this letter to him by Saturday,” he said. “I don't know where he will be.”
(“我不能在星期六之前把這封信遞給他，” 他說。“我不知道他會在哪兒。”)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
間：
|
He said he couldn't (or wouldn't be able to) deliver the letter to him by Saturday because he didn't know where he would be.
(他說因為他不知道他會在哪兒，他不能在星期六之前把這封信遞給他。)
|
|
|
|
|
ｃ.
|
“if...過去式...，...could+原形...” 裡的 could可以保持不變，也可以改成 would be able to。如：
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
直：
|
“If I were a bird, I could fly home,” he said.
(“我若是一隻鳥，我就能飛回家。” 他說。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
間：
|
He said that if he were a bird, he could (or would be able to) fly home.
(他說他若是一隻鳥，他就能飛回家。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
直：
|
He said, “If I had the tools, I could mend it.”
(他說， “如果我有工具，我就會修理它。”)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
間：
|
He said that if he had the tools, he could (or would be able to) mend it.
(他說如果他有工具，他就會修理它。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
本例中若用 would be able to 可能暗示他有意要借或買工具來修理。
|
|
|
|
|
(註)
|
“if ...過去完成式 ..., ...could have + p.p...” 裡的 could保持不變。
|
|
|
|
|
d.
|
指過去的能力時，可以保持不變，也可以改成 had been able to。 如
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
直：
|
“She could speak five languages when I knew him, but couldn't write her own name,” he said.
(“我認識她時她能說五種語言，但不會寫她自己的名字。” 他說。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
間：
|
He said that she could (or had been able to) speak five languages when he knew her, but that she couldn't (or hadn't been able to) write her own name.
(他說當他認識她時她能說五種語言，但她不會寫自己的名字。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
直：
|
“I could read when I was three!” he boasted.
(“我三歲時就會讀書!” 他吹噓道。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
間：
|
He boasted that he could (or had been able to) read when he was three.
(他吹噓他三歲時就會讀書。)
|
留言列表
留言列表
