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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，人稱代名詞之改變：
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，this 和 these 之改變：
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，時間副詞與地方副詞之改變：
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，動詞的時態之變與不變：
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9.
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引述動詞是過去式時，助動詞之變與不變：
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1.
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原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如：
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2.
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若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實，間接敍述裡仍用現在式。 如：
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3.
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Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義，因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變：
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4.
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must可以保持不變，但由於有多種作用，因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。
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A.
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表示 “必要 (necessary)”—— 中文所謂的 “必要” 可能具有以下各種作用：
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a.
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表示長久的指令或轉述某一項規定——間接敍述裡依然用 must。 如：
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b.
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表示非立即的、非近期的或時間未確定的未來——此種作用的 must 相當於 will have to，因此在間接敍述裡通常都轉換成 would have to。 如：
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•
•
•
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續 上 期
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B.
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表示推測的 must (必定、一定) 保持不變。 如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go home.”
(他說， “一定很晚了。 我真的必須回家。”)
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間：
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He said it must be pretty late, and that he really must go home.
(他說一定很晚了， 並說他真的必須回家了。)
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(2)
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直：
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She said to me, “Mary must study hard. She always gets the best grades in the class.”
(她對我說， “瑪麗一定很用功。她在班上總是得最高分。”)
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間：
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She said to me that Mary must study hard, for she always gets the best grades in the class.
(她對我說瑪麗一定很用功，因爲她在班上總是得最高分。)
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(3)
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直：
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He said, “I must have left my sunglasses at the restaurant.”
(他說， “我一定是把太陽眼鏡丟在餐館裡了。”)
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間：
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He said that he must have left his sunglasses at the restaurant.
(他說他一定是把太陽眼鏡丟在餐館裡了。)
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5.
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need 的變與不變：
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A.
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助動詞 needn't 通常都保持不變，但是也可以改成 didn't have to/wouldn't have to，正如 must 可改成 had to/would have to (needn't 是 must 的否定——參閱 p.719(ｂ) )。如：
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(1)
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直：
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She said, “You needn't try to explain.”
(她說， “你不必想要解釋。”)
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間：
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She said I needn't try to explain.
(她說我不必想要解釋。)
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(2)
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直：
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He said, “I needn't be in the office till ten tomorrow morning.”
(他說， “明天早晨十點我才需要上班。”)
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間：
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He said that he needn't (or didn't have to) be in the office till ten the next morning.
(他說他第二天早晨十點才需要上班。)
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(3)
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直：
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I said, “If you can lend me the money, I needn't go to the bank.”
(我說， “如果你能把這筆錢借給我，我就不必去銀行了。”)
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間：
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I said that if he could lend me the money, I needn't (or wouldn't have to) go to the bank.
(我說如果他能把那筆錢借給我，我就不必去銀行了。)
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B.
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疑問句裡的助動詞 need 通常都變成 had to，正如 must 變成 had to。如：
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(1)
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直：
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“Need I take all these pills?” he said.
(“我是不是必須把這些藥全都服下?” 他說。)
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間：
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He asked if he had to take all the pills.
(他問他是不是必須把那些藥全都服下。)
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(2)
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直：
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“Need you leave so soon?” she said.
(“你是不是必須這麽快離開?” 她說。)
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間：
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She asked whether I had to leave so soon.
(她問我是否必須那麽快離開。)
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(註)
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need 作本動詞用時在間接敍述裡改爲過去式 needed。如：
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直：
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He said to me, “She needs to get a visa if she goes to America.”
(他對我說，“如果她要去美國，需要簽證。”)
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間：
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He told me she needed to get a visa if she went to America.
(他告訴我如果她要去美國，需要簽證。)
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