第五篇 動 詞
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第九章 助動詞 (Auxiliary Verb)
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二、BeC
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1.
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be 的性質:
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be 動詞是助動詞和主動詞兩者兼用的動詞 (見下列用法),除了在被動語態裡, be 是很少用進行式的 (參閱 p.547-10)。
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2.
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be的省略式:
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現 在
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過 去
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I am → I'm
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I was → 無
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I am not → I'm not
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I was not → I wasn't
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am I? → 無
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was I? → 無
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am I not? → amn't I? (少用)
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was I not? → wasn't I?
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you are → you're
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you were → 無
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you are not → you aren't / you're not
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you were not → you weren't
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are you? → 無
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were you? → 無
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are you not? → aren't you?
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were you not? → weren't you?
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he is → he's
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he was → 無
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he is not → he isn't/he's not
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he was not → he wasn't
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is he? → 無
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was he? → 無
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is he not? → isn't he?
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was he not? → wasn't he?
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she is → she's
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she was → 無
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she is not → she isn't/she's not
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she was not → she wasn't
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is she? → 無
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was she? → 無
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is she not? → isn't she?
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was she not? → wasn't she?
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it is → it's
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it was → 無
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it is not → it isn't
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it was not → it wasn't
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is it? → 無
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was it? → 無
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is it not? → isn't it?
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was it not? → wasn't it?
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we are → we're
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we were → 無
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we are not → we aren't / we're not
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we were not → we weren't
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are we? → 無
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were we? → 無
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are we not? → aren't we?
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were we not? → weren't we?
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they are → they're
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they were → 無
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they are not → they aren't / they're not
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they were not → they weren't
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are they? → 無
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were they? → 無
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are they not? → aren't they?
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were they not? → weren't they?
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there is → there's
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there was → 無
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there is not → there isn't / these's not
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there was not → there wasn't
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is there? → 無
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was there? → 無
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is there not? → isn't there?
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was there not? → wasn't there?
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(提
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示)
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(a)
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肯定的現在式都是和主詞省略成一個字;但肯定的過去式以及肯定的疑問句 (無論是現在式還是過去式)均無省略式。C
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(b)
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否定的現在式既可和not又可和主詞省略成一個字,否定的過去式都是和not省略成一個字,疑問句也是如此。(例外:I am not → I'm not)
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(c)
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在日常口語中除了要加強否定的語氣外,多用省略式。
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