One Less Hamburger  週一無肉日 減碳救地球




by Matthew Brown

Can reducing meat consumption help save the environment?
少吃肉類有助拯救環境?




  Some people think that there's nothing better than biting into a juicy burger or tearing apart a tasty chicken wing. Unfortunately, there's a dark side to the consumption of meat—what it does to the environment. _(1)_ studies, cattle production is the biggest producer of carbon pollution. _(2)_, raising animals for meat is creating more pollution than vehicles, air conditioners, or factories.
  One way to _(3)_ such a big problem is to take it one step at a time. An idea that has been suggested is having one day of the week when everyone eats a vegetarian diet. If everyone _(4)_ with this simple step, it would mean a 15 percent reduction in total meat consumption. The result would be that _(5)_ animals would have to be raised for food, which in turn would contribute to carbon pollution reduction. With just one day a week without meat, the lungs of the Earth would _(6)_ a little easier.
  Two Taiwanese authors are excited about the idea of Meatless Monday. Su Hsiao-huan and Hsu Jen-hsiu are _(7)_ a campaign to bring Meatless Monday to Taiwan. They argue that Meatless Monday should be _(8)_ by environmental groups and that all restaurants should start providing menus with vegetarian options. They hope that the government will eventually make it a law that Mondays are meat-free. Su and Hsu are not _(9)_. Meatless Monday is being discussed in other countries like Belgium. One day a week is just one step in _(10)_ a very serious problem, but it will help. Why not start thinking about changing your diet today?
(A) breathe (B) approach (C) alone (D) fixing (E) cooperated (F) According to (G) promoted (H) fewer (I) launching (J) To put it simply
原來如此 


1. According to studies, cattle production is the biggest producer of carbon pollution.
理由:
a. 空格位於句首,之後有名詞 studies(研究),且逗點後為完整的句子,可知空格應置入首字大寫且可接受詞的分詞、不定詞或介詞。
b. 符合上述的僅有 (F) 選項的片語介詞 According to(根據……),According to studies 表『根據研究』,符合語意,故選之。
c. According to sb/sth, S + V  根據某人∕某物,……
例: According to research, drinking warm milk does help you fall asleep.
(根據研究,睡前喝溫牛奶的確可幫助入睡。)

2. To put it simply, raising animals for meat is creating more pollution than vehicles, air conditioners, or factories.
理由:
a. 空格位於句首,逗點後為完整的句子,可知空格應置入首字大寫、且可修飾整個主要子句的副詞或獨立不定詞片語。
b. 符合上述的僅有 (J) 選項的獨立不定詞片語 To put it simply(簡言之),且置入後符合語意,故選 (J)。
c. To put it simply, S + V  簡言之,……
例: To put it simply, this is an excellent investment.
(簡言之,這是項絕佳的投資。)

3. One way to approach such a big problem is to take it one step at a time.
理由:
a. 空格前有不定詞 to,空格後有名詞詞組 such a big problem(這樣一個嚴重的問題),可知空格應置入原形及物動詞。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (A) breathe(呼吸)和 (B) approach(處理),然僅 approach 置入後符合語意,表要『處理』這樣一個嚴重的問題,要採取循序漸進的方式,可知應選 (B)。
c. approach vt. 處理
例: You must approach this problem with caution.
(你必須謹慎處理這個問題。)

4. If everyone cooperated with this simple step, it would mean a 15 percent reduction in total meat consumption.
理由:
a. 空格前有主詞 everyone(每個人),空格後有介詞 with,可知空格應置入不及物動詞。再者,句首有表假設語氣的副詞連接詞 if,而主要子句中有過去式助動詞 would 加原形動詞 mean,可知空格應選過去式動詞,以形成與現在事實相反的假設語氣。
b. 符合上述的選項僅有 (E) cooperated(合作),且置入後符合語意,故選之。
c. cooperate vi. 合作
cooperate with...  與……合作
例: The witness cooperated with the police by identifying the murderer.
(目擊者和警方合作指認兇手。)

5. The result would be that fewer animals would have to be raised for food, which in turn would contribute to carbon pollution reduction.
理由:
a. 空格後有名詞 animals(動物),可知空格內應置入形容詞。
b. 在所有選項中,可作形容詞用來修飾名詞的有 (G) promoted(促銷的)和 (H) fewer(較少的),然僅 fewer 置入後符合語意,可知應選 (H)。

6. With just one day a week without meat, the lungs of the Earth would breathe a little easier.
理由:
a. 空格前有過去式助動詞 would,空格後有副詞詞組 a little easier(比較容易),可知空格內應置入原形不及物動詞。
b. 符合上述的選項僅剩 (A) breathe(呼吸),置入後亦符合語意,表只要一週一天不吃肉,就能讓地球『呼吸』得較為順暢,可知應選 (A)。
c. breathe vi. 呼吸
例: Loosen your tie, so you can breathe a little easier.
(鬆開你的領帶吧,這樣你呼吸可以順暢一點。)

7. Su Hsiao-huan and Hsu Jen-hsiu are launching a campaign to bring Meatless Monday to Taiwan.
理由:
a. 空格前有主詞 Su Hsiao-huan and Hsu Jen-hsiu(蘇小歡和徐仁修)和 be 動詞 are,空格後有受詞 a campaign(活動),可知空格應置入現在分詞形的及物動詞。
b. 符合上述的選項有 (D) fixing(修理)和 (I) launching(發起),然僅 launching 置入後符合語意,表蘇小歡和徐仁修正『發起』台灣的週一無肉日活動,可知應選 (I)。
c. launch vt. 發起
launch a campaign  發起一項活動∕運動
* campaign n. 活動,運動
例: The government will launch an anti-drug campaign.
(政府將發起反毒運動。)

8. They argue that Meatless Monday should be promoted by environmental groups and that all restaurants should start providing menus with vegetarian options.
理由:
a. 空格前有原形 be 動詞,空格後有介詞 by,可知空格內應置入過去分詞以形成被動式。
b. 符合上述的選項僅剩 (G) promoted(被推廣),置入後亦符合語意,表他們主張週一無肉日應『被』環保團體『推廣』,可知應選 (G)。
c. promote vt. 推廣,提倡
例: The authorities are trying to promote safe driving.
(有關當局正設法提倡行車安全。)

9. Su and Hsu are not alone.
理由:
a. 空格前有名詞詞組 Su and Hsu 及 be 動詞 are,可知空格應置入名詞或形容詞作主詞補語。
b. 符合上述的選項僅有 (C) alone(孤單的),置入後亦符合語意,表蘇小歡和徐仁修並不『孤單』,可知 (C) 為正選。

10. One day a week is just one step in fixing a very serious problem, but it will help.
理由:
a. 空格前有介詞 in,空格後有名詞詞組 a very serious problem(一個非常嚴重的問題),可知空格內應置入動名詞。
b. 符合上述的選項僅剩 (D) fixing(解決),置入後亦符合語意,表一週一天只是『解決』這嚴重問題的一小步,可知 (D) 為正選。
c. fix vt. 解決(問題)
例: William needs our help to fix this problem because he has no idea where to start.
(威廉需要我們幫忙來解決這個問題,因為他不知從何下手。)
精解字詞片語 


1. tear apart.../tear...apart  將……撕裂;使……分裂
例: The civil war tore the small country apart for decades.
(內戰使得那個小國分裂了數十年。)

2. There's a dark side to sth.  某事物有其黑暗的一面。
例: There's a dark side to everything, so you should be optimistic but cautious.
(每件事都有其黑暗面,所以你應該樂觀而謹慎。)

3. 數字 + at a time  一次若干個數目
例: After the incident, everyone involved was called into the principal's office one at a time.
(事件發生後,相關人等一次一個被叫進校長室。)

4. in turn  接著,然後(多置於句中,相當於 then 之意)
例: I told the secret to Jim, who in turn told it to Peter.
(我把秘密告訴吉姆,他接著把秘密再告訴彼得。)

5. contribute to + N/V-ing  促成∕導致……
= lead to + N/V-ing
= bring about + N/V-ing
例: The driver's carelessness may have contributed to the accident.
(司機的疏失可能是這起意外的肇因。)

6. argue + that 子句  主張∕辯稱……
例: Scholars argue that the ancient documents should be preserved and not sent on international museum tours.
(學者們主張這些古老文獻不應該送去國際間各博物館作巡迴展,而應該好好保存起來。)

7. option n. 可選擇的東西
例: We have the option of taking either French or German as a second language in school.
(我們在學校可以選擇法文或德文當作第二語言。)

8. eventually adv. 最後,終於
例: The suspect was eventually proven innocent in court.
(那名嫌犯最後在法庭上被證明是無辜的。)
單字小舖 


1. hamburger n. 漢堡
=burger n.
2. juicy a. 多汁的
3. tasty a. 美味的
4. consumption n. 吃,喝;消耗
5. cattle n. 牲口;牛(群)
a herd of cattle  一群牛
注意:
cattle 如同 people,視作複數名詞,可被 two 以上的數詞(如 three、four、many 等)修飾。
6. carbon n. 碳
7. vehicle n. 車輛
8. air conditioner n. 冷氣機
9. factory n. 工廠
10. vegetarian a. 素食的 & n. 素食者
11. reduction n. 減少
12. lung n. 肺臟
13. meatless a. 無肉的
14. meat-free a. 免去肉類的
中文翻譯&標準答案 


  有些人認為沒有什麼能比得上大口咬下鮮嫩多汁的漢堡,或是撕裂美味雞翅的感覺。不幸的是,吃肉對環境所造成的影響,使得吃肉這件事籠罩著陰影。根據研究,畜產品是碳污染的最大來源。簡單來說,為肉類而飼養牲畜所製造的污染比車輛、冷氣或工廠所製造的還多。
  要處理這樣嚴重的問題就要採取循序漸進的方式。有人建議大家在一個星期中找一天的時間吃素。如果大家通力合作實施這個簡單的步驟,就能減少百分之十五 的肉類總消耗量。這樣的結果表示需要飼養較少的牲畜來提供食物,接著就能使碳污染減量。只要一週一天不吃肉,就能讓地球呼吸得較為順暢。
  台灣有兩位作家對於週一無肉日這個想法非常雀躍。蘇小歡和徐仁修正發起台灣的週一無肉日活動。他們主張環保團體應該推廣週一無肉日,所有的餐廳也應該 開始提供素食菜單。他們期望政府最終能立法規定週一不吃肉。蘇小歡和徐仁修並不孤單。在比利時等其他國家也在討論週一無肉日。一週一天只是解決這嚴重問題 的一小步,但卻有所幫助。何不開始考慮改變一下自己今天的飲食?

標準答案: 1. (F) 2. (J) 3. (B)4. (E)5. (H) 6. (A) 7. (I) 8. (G) 9. (C) 10. (D)




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