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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，人稱代名詞之改變：
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，this 和 these 之改變：
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，時間副詞與地方副詞之改變：
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，動詞的時態之變與不變：
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9.
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引述動詞是過去式時，助動詞之變與不變：
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1.
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原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如：
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2.
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若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實，間接敍述裡仍用現在式。 如：
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3.
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Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義，因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變：C
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4.
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must可以保持不變，但由於有多種作用，因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。C
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5.
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need 的變與不變：
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6.
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could 的變與不變：
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7.
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should/ought to 的變與不變：
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8.
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might 的變與不變：
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9.
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had better/used to 保持不變：
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•
•
•
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續 上 期
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10.
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表示 “命令、請求、勸告” 的句子之轉變：
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1.
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表示命令、請求、勸告的祈使句在間接敍述裡除了非常正式的場合用名詞子句外，通常都是用 “V.+O.+不定詞” 的結構。——其中 “V.(動詞)” 的使用須視句義與引述者引述時的語氣或態度而定，可能用到的有 advise, ask, beg, command, encourage, entreat, forbid, implore, invite, order, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn。C
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(提
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示)
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(a)
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間接敍述如果是用不定詞，引述動詞不可用 say。C
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(b)
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直接敍述裡的祈使句若是否定，間接敍述裡的不定詞通常也用否定 (有例外，如例 5)，亦即不定詞之前要有not或never (不可用don't)。
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(c)
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直接敍述裡的受話者在間接敍述裡必須放在引述動詞與不定詞之間。
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(d)
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祈使句裡的客套語please(請)在間接敍述裡是刪掉的，但可以用kindly修飾引述動詞，以表示原有的禮貌。
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “Please lend me your knife.”
(他說， “請把你的小刀借給我。”)C
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間：
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He asked me kindly to lend him my knife.
(他很有禮貌地要我把小刀借給他。)C
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(2)
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直：
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He said, “Sit down, Tom.”
(他說， “坐下， 湯姆。”)C
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間：
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He told Tom to sit down.
(他叫湯姆坐下。)
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(3)
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直：
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The teacher said to the students, “Speak slowly and clearly.”C
(這老師對學生們說， “慢慢地說清楚。”)C
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間：
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The teacher encouraged the students to speak slowly and clearly.C
(這老師鼓勵學生們慢慢地說清楚。)C
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(4)
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直：
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During the test, the teacher said to Tom, “Don't look at your neighbor's paper.”C
(考試的時候，老師對湯姆說， “不要看鄰座的考卷。”)C
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間：
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During the test, the teacher warned Tom not to look at his neighbor's paper.
(考試的時候，老師警告湯姆不要看鄰座的考卷。)C
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(5)
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直：
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Mary said to me, “Don't forget to answer that letter.”C
(瑪麗對我說， “不要忘記回覆那封信。”)C
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間：
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Mary reminded me to answer the letter.
(瑪麗提醒我回覆那封信。)C
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(6)
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直：
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She said, “No smoking near the petrol pump, please.”C
(她說， “請不要在油泵附近吸煙。”)C
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間：
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She asked the drivers politely not to smoke near the petrol pump.C
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or:
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She asked the drivers to be good enough not to smoke...C
(她很有禮貌地叫駕駛員們不要在油泵附近吸煙。)C
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(7)
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直：
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He said, “No arguments, please. Just pay the fine and leave the court.”
(他說， “請不要再爭辯了。繳付罰款離開法庭吧。”)C
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間：
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He told the prisoner firmly but politely not to argue, but just to pay the fine and leave the court.C
(他堅定而禮貌地叫那囚犯不要爭辯，繳付罰款離開法庭。)C
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(8)
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直：
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He said, “Don't bother to write to me, but send me any important information by telephone.”
(他說， “不麻煩你給我寫信了，但是要打電話告訴我任何重要的資訊。”)C
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間：
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He told me not to write to him, but to send him any information by telephone.
(他叫我不要寫信給他，但是要打電話告訴他任何重要的資訊。)C
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(9)
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直：
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He said, “Everybody stand up while the National Anthem is played.”C
(他說， “奏國歌時每一個人都要起立。”)C
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stand 不可改成 stands，因爲這是個祈使句(詳閱p.84)。C
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間：
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He told everybody to stand up while the National Anthem was played.
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or：
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Everybody was told to stand up while ....C
(他叫每一個人在奏國歌時起立。)C
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(10)
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直：
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He said, “When you go out, leave the key in its usual place.”C
(他說， “你出去的時候把鑰匙放在平常放的地方。”)C
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間：
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He told me to leave the key in its usual place when I went out.C
(他叫我出去時把鑰匙放在老地方。)C
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•
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•
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(16)
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直：
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“Please, please don't take any risks, ” said his wife.C
(“請你千萬別冒險，” 他太太說。)C
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間：
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His wife begged (or implored) him not to take any risks. C
(他太太求他不要冒險。)
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(17)
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直：
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“Go on, apply for the job,” said Sunny.
(“別猶豫，申請這工作，” 桑妮說。)C
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間：
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Sunny urged (or encouraged) me to apply for the job.C
(桑妮催促〔鼓勵〕我申請那份工作。)C
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