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第五篇      動      詞 

    第八章  直接敍述與間接敍述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)

You can't mend a broken heart with a silver thread.

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from

賀氏英文法全書

二. 間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)

1.

間接敘述的定義

 

 

續 上 期

2.

直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時,連接詞之使用

 

直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時,往往 (並非總是) 將被引用的原文轉換成名詞子句。名詞子句是從屬子句之一種,必須由從屬連接詞引領,但由於被引用語的原文有敍述句,有疑問句,所需使用的連接詞也因而不同。茲分述如下:

 

1.

被引用語若是敍述句,間接敍述裏的名詞子句用that引領 —— say, tell, believe, think, know, be sure, be afraid 等之後的 that 可以省略。如:

 

 

(1)

直:

Mary said to me, “I watch TV every day.”
(瑪麗對我說,“我每天看電視。”)

 

 

 

間:

Mary said to me (or told me) (that) she watched TV every day.
(瑪麗對我說〔告訴我〕她每天看電視。)

 

 

(2)

直:

The mayor said, “On July the first I will announce the results of the search.”
(市長說,“七月一日我要宣佈調查的結果。”)

 

 

 

間:

The mayor declared that on July the first he would announce the results of the search.
(市長聲稱七月一日他要宣佈調查的結果。)

 

 

(3)

直:

“When you arrive home, you will find my letter awaiting you,” he said.
(“你到家的時候會發現我的信正等著你。” 他說。)

 

 

 

間:

He said (or He assured me) that when I arrived home, I would find his letter awaiting me.
(他說我到家時會發現他的信在等著我。)

 

2.

被引用語若是帶有疑問詞的疑問句,則用原疑問詞引領名詞子句,不可改用或加入其他連接詞;若是不帶疑問詞的疑問句,則用whether 或 if 引領名詞子句。——直接敍述裏的引述動詞用 say ask 均可,但在間接敍述裏的引述動詞不可用 say (參閱 p.662-7)。如:

 

 

(1)

直:

She said (or asked), “Do you want me to help you?”
(她說〔問〕,“你要不要我幫忙?”)

 

 

 

間:

She asked whether (or if) I wanted her to help me.
(她問我要不要她幫忙。)

 

 

(2)

直:

John said, “What are you talking about?”
(約翰說,“你們在談什麽?”)

 

 

 

間:

 John asked me

 whether what (×)

 we were talking about.

 that what (×)

 what ()

 

 

 

 

(約翰問我我們在談什麽。)

 

 

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