第五篇 動 詞
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第八章 直接敘述與間接敘述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)
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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義:
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用:
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置:
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同:
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5.
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直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時,人稱代名詞之改變:
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變:
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7. |
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變:由於引述者與被引述者說話的時間與地點之不同,因而間接敘述與直接敘述裡所使用的時間副詞與地方副詞亦因而有變。 |
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1. |
時間副詞之改變: |
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2. |
地方副詞之改變: |
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續 上 期
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8.
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直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時,動詞的時態之變與不變:
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1. |
引述動詞 (introductory verbs) 若是現在式,由直接敍述轉換成間接敍述時,動詞的時態保持不變。 |
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既然是引述他人說過的話,爲什麽引述動詞會是現在式? 情況有三:
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(a) |
引述正在進行中的談話或剛剛講完時。 |
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(b) |
引述某人時常說而且今後可能還會說的話時。 |
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(c) |
引述正在閱讀的信函、書籍、書面指示或法規等印刷物時。 |
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(1) |
老王 (從車站打電話給小寶):I'm trying to get a taxi. |
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(我在設法叫計程車。)
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小寶 (對身旁的小張說):Lao Wang says he is trying to get a taxi. |
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(老王說他正設法叫計程車。)
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(2) |
Shaw Chang says that he'll never get married. (小張說他永遠不會結婚。) |
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(3) |
A: |
What does Sunny say in her letter? (桑妮在她的信中說些什麽?) |
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B: |
She says she is coming back in three days' time. (她說再過三天她要回來。) |
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(4) |
直: |
He asks, “Is there anything I can do to help you?” (他問,“有沒有什麽事我能幫你做?”) |
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間: |
He wants to know if there is anything he can do to help you. (他想知道有沒有什麽事情他能幫你做。) |
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(註)
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不僅是現在式,引述動詞若是現在完成式或未來式,轉換時動詞的時態依然保持不變。 如:
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(1) |
直: |
He'll certainly ask, “Was your operation successful?” (他一定會問,“你的手術是不是很成功?”) |
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間: |
He'll certainly ask you if your operation was successful. (他一定會問你你的手術是否很成功。) |
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直: |
“I don't want to go,” I've already said. (我已經說過, “我不想去。”) |
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間: |
I've already told you that I don't want to go. (我已經告訴過你我不想去。) | | | |
Little drops of water make the mighty ocean.
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from 賀氏英文法全書
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