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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，人稱代名詞之改變：
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，this 和 these 之改變：
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，時間副詞與地方副詞之改變：
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，動詞的時態之變與不變：
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9.
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引述動詞是過去式時，助動詞之變與不變：
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1.
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原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如：
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2.
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若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實，間接敍述裡仍用現在式。 如：
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3.
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Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義，因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變：C
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4.
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must可以保持不變，但由於有多種作用，因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。C
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5.
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need 的變與不變：
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6.
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could 的變與不變：
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7.
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should/ought to 的變與不變：
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8.
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might 的變與不變：
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9.
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had better/used to 保持不變：
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10.
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表示 “命令、請求、勸告” 的句子之轉變：
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1.
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表示命令、請求、勸告的祈使句在間接敍述裡除了非常正式的場合用名詞子句外，通常都是用 “V.+O.+不定詞” 的結構。——其中 “V.(動詞)” 的使用須視句義與引述者引述時的語氣或態度而定，可能用到的有 advise, ask, beg, command, encourage, entreat, forbid, implore, invite, order, recommend, remind, request, tell, urge, warn。C
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續 上 期
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2.
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非祈使句的請求、勸告，以及表示承諾、許可、禁止等的直接敍述在間接敍述裡也可用 “V. (+O.）+不定詞” 的結構。 如：C
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “I will pay the money by the end of this month.”
(他說， “最遲到月底我一定付錢。”)
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間：
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He promised to pay the money by the end of the month.
(他答應最遲到月底付錢。)C
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(2)
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直：
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He said, “I won't pay the money.”
(他說， “我不願付這筆錢。”)C
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間：
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He refused to pay the money.
(他拒絕付這筆錢。)
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(3)
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直：
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He said to me, “I will lend you the money.”C
(他向我說， “我願意借給你這筆錢。”)C
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間：
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He offered to lend me the money.
(他表示要借給我這筆錢。)C
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(4)
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直：
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He said to me, “Will you accompany me a short way?”C
(他向我說， “你願不願意陪我一小段路?”)C
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間：
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He asked me to accompany him a short way.
(他叫我陪他一小段路。)C
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(5)
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直：
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My father said, “You must tell the truth.”
(我爸爸說， “你必須說實話。”)C
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間：
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My father forced me to tell the truth.
(我爸爸逼著我說實話。)C
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(6)
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直：
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He said to me, “You mustn't tell anyone my secret.”C
(他向我說， “你不可以把我的秘密告訴任何人。”)C
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間：
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He forbade me to tell anyone his secret.
(他不許我把他的秘密告訴任何人。)C
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(7)
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直：
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The teacher said to me, “You may leave early.”C
(老師對我說， “你可以早一點離開。”)C
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間：
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The teacher permitted me to leave early.
(老師允許我早點離開。)C
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(8)
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直：
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When I was growing up, my parents said (to me), “You may stay up late on Saturday night.”C
(當我漸漸地長大了， 我的父母說， “星期六晚上你可以遲一點睡覺。”)
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間：
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When I was growing up, my parents allowed me to stay up late on Saturday night.
(當我漸漸地長大了， 我的父母准許我星期六晚上遲一點睡覺。)C
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(9)
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直：
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The teacher always said to us, “You should come to class on time.”
(教師總是對我們說， “你們應該準時來上課。”)C
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間：
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The teacher always expected us to come to class on time.
(老師總是希望我們準時來上課。)C
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(10)
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直：
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My advisor said, “You shouldn't worry.”
(我的顧問說， “你不該擔心。”)C
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間：
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My advisor advised me not to worry.
(我的顧問勸我不要擔心。)C
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•
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(16)
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直：
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“I wouldn't speak to her again if I were you,” he said.C
(“如果我是你我就不再理她了，” 他說。)C
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間：
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He advised me not to speak to her again.
(他勸我不要再理她。)C
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(註)
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(a)
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ask之後可以沒有受詞而直接接不定詞 (如 ask to see, ask to speak to 等)。 如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “Could I see Mr.A, please?”C
(他說， “請問，我能不能見A先生?”)C
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間：
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He asked to see Mr.A.
(他要求見A先生。)
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(2)
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直：
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“Could I speak to the secretary, please?” she said.C
(“請問，我可不可以和秘書講話?” 她說。)
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間：
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She asked to speak to the secretary. (or She asked for the secretary.)C
(她要求與秘書講話。)
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(b)
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有些動詞 (如 ask, beg) 之後可以根據意義上的需要接被動語態的不定詞。也有些動詞 (如 order, forbid) 本身可以用被動語態後接不定詞。 如：C
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(1)
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直：
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“Do, please, send me abroad for further study,” he asked (or begged).C
(“請務必要送我出國深造，” 他懇求道。)C
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間：
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He asked (or begged) to be sent abroad for further study.C
(他懇求被送出國深造。)C
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or:
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He asked his parents to send him abroad for further study.C
(他懇求他的父母送他出國深造。)C
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(2)
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直：
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“Forget all about this young man,” said her parents; “don't see him again or answer his letters.”C
(“徹底忘掉這個年輕人，” 她的父母說道； “不要再見他，也不要給他回信。”)
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間：
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She was ordered to forget all about the young man and forbidden to see him again or answer his letters.
(她被命令徹底忘掉那個年輕人而且被禁止再見他或給他回信。)C
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or:
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Her parents ordered her to forget all about the young man and told her not to see him again or answer his letters.
(她的父母命令她徹底忘掉那個年輕人並叫她別再見他或給他回信。)
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