John said, “Why don't we phone him now?” (約翰說: “我們爲什麽不立刻打電話給他?”)C
間:
John suggested phoning him straight away. (約翰建議立刻打電話給他。)C
(3)
直:
Mary asked, “What should we do this afternoon?” “How about going to the National Palace Museum (Do you feel like going to the National Palace Museum)?” said John. (瑪麗問道: “今天下午我們幹嘛?” 約翰說, “去故宮博物院你覺得怎麽樣〔你想不想去故宮博物院〕?”)C
間:
Mary asked John what they should do that afternoon, and John suggested going to the National Palace Museum. (or John suggested that they 〔should〕 go to the National Palace Museum.)C (瑪麗問約翰他們下午做什麽,約翰建議去故宮博物院。)C
(4)
直:
“I wonder if Tom is coming,” said Mary. (“我不知道湯姆來不來,” 瑪麗說。)C
“Why not ask him?” I said. (“你爲什麽不問他?” 我說。)C
間:
Mary wondered if Tom was coming. I suggested (her) asking him (or I advised her to ask him).C (瑪麗不知道湯姆來不來。我建議她問問他〔我勸她問他〕。)C
“Why not...?” 等於 “Why don't you...?”。
(5)
直:
“Let's not say anything about it till we hear the facts.”C (我們在聞悉事實真相之前什麽也別說。)C
間:
He suggested that they shouldn't say anything about it till they heard the facts (or...that they should say nothing...).C (他建議他們在聞悉事實真相之前什麽也不說。)
or:
He suggested not saying anything (or He suggested saying nothing) about it till they heard the facts.C (同上。)C
(註)
(a)
單獨使用 let's not 以回應肯定的建議時,在間接敍述裡常用 opposed (or was opposed to) the idea, was against it 或 objected。 如:
直:
A:
Let's sell the house. (我們賣了這幢房子吧。)C
B:
Let's not. (不要賣吧。)
間:
A suggested selling the house but B opposed the idea (or B was against it, B objected).C (A 提議賣掉這幢房子, 但B反對這個意見。)C
(b)
let's/let us 被用來號召大家採取某種行動時,在間接敍述裡通常都用 “advise/urge+O.+不定詞” 的結構。 如:
直:
The strike leader said, “Let's show the bosses that we are united.”C (那位罷工領袖說, “讓我們向老闆顯示我們是團結的。”)C
間:
The strike leader urged the workers to show the bosses that they were united. (那位罷工領袖鼓舞工人們向老闆顯示他們是團結的。)
第五篇 動 詞
第八章 直接敘述與間接敘述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)
二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
1.
間接敘述的定義:
2.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用:
3.
引述動詞之使用及其位置:
4.
疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同:
5.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變:
6.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變:
7.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變:
8.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變:
9.
引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變:
1.
原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如:
2.
若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敍述裡仍用現在式。 如:
3.
Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變:
4.
must可以保持不變,但由於有多種作用,因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。C
5.
need 的變與不變:
6.
could 的變與不變:
7.
should/ought to 的變與不變:
8.
might 的變與不變:
9.
had better/used to 保持不變:
10.
表示 “命令、請求、勸告” 的句子之轉變:
•
•
•
續 上 期
12.
“let+O. (第三人稱)+無 to不定詞” 之轉變:D
let 之後接第三人稱的受詞 (如 him, them, the girl 等) 可能有各種不同的作用,因而在間接敍述裡也有不同的表達方式:
1.
表示命令 —— that 子句裡的動詞是 “be+不定詞” 或 “(should+)原形”。 如:
(1)
直:
“Let the boys clear up this mess,” said the headmaster.C (“讓這些男孩把這髒東西清理乾淨。”校長說。)C
間:
The headmaster said that the boys were to clear up the mess.C (校長說那些男孩要把那髒東西清理乾淨。)C
(注
意)
這個句子不等於 “The headmaster ordered the boys to clear up the mess.”,因爲後者是直接命令,而前者是叫聽者傳達命令 (詳閱第三冊 p.30A)。 下面一例亦然:
(2)
直:
“Let the guards be armed,” he ordered. (“叫衛士們武裝起來,” 他命令道。)C
間:
He ordered that the guards (should) be armed. (他命令衛士們武裝起來。)C
2.
表示建議 —— that 子句裡用 “(should+) 原形”,或不用子句而用 “suggest+動名詞”。 如:
(1)
直:
“Let them do it themselves,” she said. (“讓他們自己去做,” 她說。)C
間:
She suggested that they (should) do it themselves. (她提議他們自己做。)C
or:
She said that they should (or ought to) do it themselves.C (她說他們應該自己做。)C
or:
She suggested their (or them) doing it themselves. (她提議他們自己做。)C
(2)
直:
“Let him not go alone,” she said. (“別讓他一個人去,” 她說。)C
Let him not go alone. 這樣的否定句在現代語中已廢而不用,見 p.606D。
間:
She suggested that he (should) not go alone. (她建議不要讓他一個人去。)C
or:
She suggested his (or him) not going alone. (她提議他不要一個人去。)C
(註)
有時候,這種結構既非表示命令,也非建議,只是說話者認爲結構中的受詞有做某事的義務,因而在間接敍述的 that子句裡都是用 ought to 或 should (作 “應該” 講),和表示命令或建議的that子句裡的 should (不可用 ought to 代替) 不同,不可省略。 如:
直:
“It's not my business,” said the postman. “Let the police do something about it.” (“這不關我的事,” 那郵差說。“讓警方來處理這件事吧。”)C
間:
The postman said that it wasn't his business and that the police ought to (or should) do something about it.C (那位郵差說那不關他的事, 並且說警方應該處理這件事。)C
Prevention is better than cure.
第五篇 動 詞
第八章 直接敘述與間接敘述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)
二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
1.
間接敘述的定義:
2.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用:
3.
引述動詞之使用及其位置:
4.
疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同:
5.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變:
6.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變:
7.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變:
8.
直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變:
9.
引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變:
1.
原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如:
2.
若直接敘述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敘述裡仍用現在式。 如:
3.
Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敘述裡也有各種不同的改變:C
4.
must可以保持不變,但由於有多種作用,因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。C
5.
need 的變與不變:
6.
could 的變與不變:
7.
should/ought to 的變與不變:
8.
might 的變與不變:
9.
had better/used to 保持不變:
10.
表示 “命令、請求、勸告” 的句子之轉變:
11.
示 “建議” 的祈使句或疑問句之轉變——除了可以轉換成 that子句外,也可以轉換成動名詞。 如:
12.
“let+O. (第三人稱)+無 to不定詞” 之轉變:
•
•
•
續 上 期
3.
表示 “不在乎、不重視”:
(1)
直:
“Let them do their worst!” he said. (“他們有什麼狠招任他們使出來吧!” 他說。)C
間:
He said he didn't mind (even if they did their worst).C (他說他不在乎〔即使他們使出最狠的招數〕。)C
(2)
直:
A:
“The neighbors will complain,” he said. (“鄰居們會抱怨的,” 他說。)C
間:
B:
“Let them (complain),” he said. (“隨他們去抱怨,” 他說。)C
B:
He said he didn't mind (if they complained).C (他說他不在乎〔即使他們抱怨〕。)C
4.
“let there be ” 是表示說話者的命令、忠告、要求 —— 在間接敘述的 that子句裡用 “(should+) 原形。” 如:
(1)
直:
“Let there be no mistake about it,” he said. (“不要出什麼差錯,” 他說。)C
間:
He advised (or asked) that there (should) be no mistake about it.C (他建議別出什麼差錯。)C
(2)
直:
“Let there be no reprisals,” said the widow of the murdered man.C (“不要有報復行為,” 那個被謀殺者的遺孀說。)C
間:
The widow of the murdered man begged (or urged) that there (should) be no reprisals. (那個被謀殺者的遺孀請求不要有報復行為。)C
5.
let 表示 “許可” 時,與 “allow / permit” 同義,後面可接任何受詞,在間接敘述裡用 “ask + O.+ to let...” 的結構。 如:C
(1)
直:
“Let him come with us, mother; I'll take care of him,” I said.C (“讓他和我們一起去吧,媽媽; 我會照顧他的,” 我說。)C
間:
I asked my mother to let him come with us and promised to take care of him.C (我要求我母親讓他和我們一起去並且答應照顧他。)C
(2)
直:
“Let me pay for myself,” I said. (“讓我自己付錢,” 我說。)C
“Certainly not! I'll pay!” he said. (“絕對不行!我一定要付!” 他說。)C
間:
I asked him to let me pay for myself but he insisted on paying.C (我要求他讓我自己付錢,但他堅持要付。)C
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