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11.
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過去完成進行式的用法：
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1.
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過去完成進行式的用法正如現在完成進行式的用法一樣，所不同者，現在完成進行式是以 "現在" 為基礎，過去完成進行式是以 "過去某時" 為基礎。如：
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(1)
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a.
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He has been waiting for you long.
(他一直在等你等了很久了。)
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b.
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He had been waiting for you long when I met him.
(我見到他時他已經等你等了很久了。)
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(2)
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a.
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I feel tired because I have been running all the way.
(我因為一路跑來而感到很累。)
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b.
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I felt tired because I had been running all the way.
(我因為一路跑來而感到很累。)
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(3)
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a.
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She knows a little English, for she has been living in an American family.
(她懂得一點英語，因為她一直住在一個美國人的家中。)
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b.
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My first servant knew a little English, for she had been living in an American family before I engaged her.
(我的第一個傭人懂得一點英語，因為在我雇用她之前她一直住在一個美國人的家中。)
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2.
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如果一個動作是在過去某時以前開始的， 而且一直繼續到這個時間或就在這時以前剛剛停止，既可用過去完成式，也可用過去完成進行式。不過，若要強調在那一段時間裡主詞一直在做些什麼，只有過去完成進行式才能表達出此一含義。如：
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(1)
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a.
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It was now six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn.
(當時正是六點鐘，他因為從黎明起就一直在工作而覺得很累。)
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b.
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It was now six and he was tired because he had been working since dawn.
(同上。)
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(2)
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The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him.
(警方在抓住這名罪犯之前已經搜尋了兩年。)
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(3)
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The patient had been waiting in the emergency room for almost an hour before a doctor finally treated him.
(這個病人在終於得到醫生治療之前一直在急診室裡等了差不多一小時。)
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(4)
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When Judy got home, her hair was still wet because she had been swimming.
(朱迪到家時，因為她剛遊過泳所以她的頭髮還是濕的。)
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(5)
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Her eyes were red because she had been crying.
(她的眼睛因為一直在哭而變紅了。)
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(6)
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Jack suddenly realized that the teacher was asking him a question. He couldn't answer because he had been daydreaming for the last ten minutes.
(傑克突然意識到那位老師正在問他問題，他因為過去十分鐘裡一直在做白日夢而答不上來。)
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(7)
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At least two hundred people were waiting in line to buy tickets to the game. Some of them had been standing in line for more than four hours. We decided not to try to get tickets for ourselves.
(當時至少有二百人在排隊等著買球票。其中有些人已經站著排隊排了四個多小時。我們決定不要嘗試買票了。)
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3.
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敘述在過去某一段時間裡重複的動作：
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由於各種完成進行式都具有 "連續不斷" 的含義，因而不可明示出重複的次數 (如果說出次數即顯示其間有中斷，與完成進行式的作用不符)，否則，該用過去完成式。如：
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(1)
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He said he had been trying to get her on the phone.
(他說他一直想用電話與她聯絡。)
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比
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較：
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He said he had tried four times to get her on the phone.
(他說他曾四度企圖用電話和她聯絡。)
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(2)
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I had been knocking. I didn't think anybody was in.
(我一直在敲門。我想裡面沒人。)
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比
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較：
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I had knocked five times. I didn't think anybody was in.
(我敲了五次門，我想裡面沒人。)
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(3)
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She told me that she had been writing letters since breakfast.
(她告訴我她從吃過早餐開始就一直在寫信。)
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比
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較：
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She told me that she had written six letters since breakfast.
(她告訴我她從吃過早餐開始已經寫了六封信。)
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(註)
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(a)
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如果重點是在說明某工作 "在過去某時已經完成"，必須用過去完成式。若改用過去完成進行式，其原有的含義亦將轉變為" 過去某時以前一直在做些什麼事"，也許這項工作依然要繼續下去才能完成哩。如：
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(1)
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By eight o'clock I had repaired the engine and we were ready to start.
(到了八點鐘我已經把引擎修好了，我們隨時準備動身。)
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比
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較：
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I had been repairing the engine; that's why we started so late.
(我一直在修理引擎，這就是我動身那麼遲的原因。)
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(2)
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He had looked through the keyhole and seen that there was nobody in the room.
(他從鑰匙孔向裡看，結果發現房間裡沒有人。)
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比
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較：
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When I opened the door, I found him on the knees outside. I knew that he had been looking through the keyhole and trying to see that if there was anybody in the room.
(我打開門時，發現他跪在外面。我知道他一直從鑰匙孔向裡看，試圖看看房間裡有沒有人。)
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(3)
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They had sawn up the fallen tree, so they had a good store of firewood.
(他們把那棵倒下的樹鋸斷了，因此貯存了豐富的柴火。)
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比
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較：
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They had been sawing up the fallen tree; that was why they were covered in sawdust.
(他們一直在鋸那棵倒下的樹，那就是他們滿身有鋸木屑的原因。)
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(b)
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不可用於進行式的動詞 (參閱 p.564) 也不可用於各種完成進行式 (包括過去完成進行式)。但是，want 例外。如：
The boy was delighted with his new knife. He had been wanting one for a long time.
(那男孩很喜歡他那新的小刀。他想要一把想了很久。)
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