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二. 間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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1.
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在直接敘述裡，無論被引用語是敘述句、祈使句、疑問句還是感歎句，引述動詞都可用 say。 如：
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2.
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say 的主詞是名詞而且不是放在句首時，往往倒置。 如：
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3.
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said 也可以用在間接敘述裡，後接 that 子句。
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4.
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tell 之後必須接某人，在直接敘述裡不可放在句首 (只可放在句尾或前後兩組引號的中間)。 如：
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5.
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在間接敘述裏，“say to 某人” 雖然可用，但以用 “tell某人” 較為普遍。 如：
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6.
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除了 say 和 tell 而外，還有許多動詞可以用作敘述句 (包括祈使句、感歎句) 裡的引述動詞，在間接敘述裡更是多采多姿。如：
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•
•
•
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續 上 期
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7.
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say, think 可用作直接問句裡的引述動詞，但是在間接問句裡，必須將 say/think 改成 ask 或 inquire, wonder, want to know 等。 如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “Have you asked her to marry you yet?”
(他說，“你是不是已經向她求婚了?”）
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間：
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He asked me (or inquired, wanted to know, was curious to know, urged me to tell him, requested me to tell him, begged me to tell him, entreated me to tell him, implored me to tell him) whether (or if) I had asked her to marry me yet.
(他問我〔想知道，…〕我是否已經向她求婚了。)
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(2)
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直：
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I thought, “Why is she driving so fast?”
(我心裡想， “她為什麼車子開得這麼快?”)
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間：
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I wondered why she was driving so fast.
(我不知道她為什麼車子開得那麼快。)
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(3)
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直：
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He said, “What can I do to improve my pronunciation?”
(他說， “我怎麼做才能改進我的發音呢?”)
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間：
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He wanted to know what he could do to improve his pronunciation.
(他想知道他怎麼樣才能改進他的發音。)
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注
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意：
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know 之後可接 that子句，但是 want to know (相當於 ask) 之後則不可，該接 whether / if / why 等疑問詞子句。
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(4)
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直：
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“Shall I be in time?” he asked himself.
(“我會不會來得及?” 他問自己。)
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間：
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He wondered if he would be in time.
(他不知道他是否會來得及。)
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(5)
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直：
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“Why do you keep looking out of the door?” he asked me.
(“你為什麼一直往門外看?” 他問我。)
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間：
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He was curious to know why I kept looking out of the window.
(他很想知道我為什麼一直往門外看。)
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(6)
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直：
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“Can you hear somebody calling?” she asked.
(“你能不能聽到有人在喊?” 她問。)
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間：
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She inquired if I could hear somebody calling.
(她問我能不能聽到有人在喊。)
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
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直接敘述裡的疑問句是真正的疑問句，主詞與動詞需要倒置，而且句尾要用疑問號；間接敘述裡的疑問句只是個名詞子句，主詞與動詞不可倒置，句尾用句點，不可用疑問號。
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比較：
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(1)
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直：
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My roommate came into the room and said, “Why aren't you in class?”
(我的室友走進了房間，並且說， “你為什麼不上課?”)
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間：
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My roommate came to the room and asked me
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why wasn't I in class. (×)
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why I wasn't in class. (○)
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(我的室友走進了房間，並且問我為什麼不上課。)
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(2)
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直：
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He asked, “What do you intend to do after you graduate?”
(他問， “你打算畢業以後做什麽?”)
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間：
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He asked me what I intended to do after I graduated
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? (×)
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. (○)
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(他問我畢業以後打算做什麼。)
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(註)
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(a)
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直接敘述裡的疑問詞若是做主詞，間接敘述裡字序不變。如：
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(1)
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直：
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He asked me, “What made you angry?”
(他問我， “什麼事惹你生氣?”）
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間：
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He asked me what had made me angry.
(他問我什麼事使得我生氣。)
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(2)
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直：
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“Who can answer that question?” asked the teacher.
(“誰能回答那個問題?” 這位教師問道。)
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間：
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The teacher asked who could answer the question.
(這位教師問誰能回答那個問題。)
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(b)
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直接敘述裡的疑問句若是以 what 開始後接 be 動詞 (如 what is...)，間接敘述裡的字序可變可不變。如：
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(1)
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直：
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“What is the time?” he asked.
(“現在幾點了?” 他問。)
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(2)
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間：
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He asked what was the time (or what the time was).
(他問幾點了。)
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直：
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“What's the matter?” he said.
(出了什麼事?” 他說。)
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間：
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He asked what was the matter. (很好)
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or:
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He asked what the matter was. (沒錯，很少用)
(他問出了什麼事。)
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