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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，人稱代名詞之改變：
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，this 和 these 之改變：
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，時間副詞與地方副詞之改變：
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，動詞的時態之變與不變：
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1.
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引述動詞 (introductory verbs) 若是現在式，由直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，動詞的時態保持不變。
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2.
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引述動詞若是過去式 (如 he said)，由直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，動詞時態之變與不變。
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A.
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直接敘述裡是現在式時，間接敘述裡之變與不變：
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B.
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直接敘述裡是過去式時，間接敘述裡之變與不變：
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C.
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直接敘述裡是現在進行式時，在間接敘述裡之變與不變：
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D.
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直接敍述裡若是過去進行式，在間接敍述裡之變與不變：
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E.
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直接敍述裡若是現在完成式、或現在完成進行式，在間接敍述裡改爲過去完成式或過去完成進行式。 如：
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F.
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直接敍述裡若是過去完成式或過去完成進行式，在間接敍述裡由於無法改變，而不得不保持不變。 如：
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G.
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條件句裡時態之變與不變：
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a.
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原則上，條件句裡的動詞是現在的形式時，要改成過去的形式。 如：
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•
•
•
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續 上 期
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b.
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如果在被引述者說出不久或立刻引用他的話，可因其時效未失而時態不變。
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(1)
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Mary said if she has enough time, she writes to her parents every week.
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(2)
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Mary said if she doesn't eat breakfast, she always gets hungry during class.
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(註)
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主要子句若是疑問句，在間接敍述裡放在條件子句之前。—— 因爲需要其中的疑問詞引領間接敍述裡的名詞子句。 如：
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(1)
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直：
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“If the baby is a boy, what will they call him?” she wondered.
(“如果嬰兒是個男孩，他們會叫他什麽?”她想知道。)
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間：
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She wondered what they would call the baby if it was a boy.
(她想知道如果嬰兒是個男孩他們會叫他什麽。)
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(2)
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直：
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“If the door is locked, what shall we do?” she asked.
(“如果那門鎖上了，我們怎麽辦?” 她問道。)
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間：
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She asked what they would do if the door was locked.
(她問如果那門鎖上了他們怎麽辦。)
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ｃ.
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直接敍述裡的條件句若是 “If…過去式…， …過去式助動詞+原形動詞…”，如果有成爲事實的可能，動詞的形式不變。如果只是幻想，不可能成爲事實，必須改成 “If… 過去完成式…， …過去式助動詞+完成式不定詞…”。 如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “If you called on me tomorrow, I could see you for half an hour.”
(他說， “如果你明天來看我，我可以和你見面半小時。”)
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間：
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He said that if I called on him the next day, he could see me for half an hour.
(他說如果我第二天去看他，他可以見我半小時。)
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(2)
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直：
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He asked, “What would you do if you had a free year?”
(他問， “假如你有一年空閒的時間，你要做什麽?”)
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間：
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He asked me what I would do if I had a free year.
(他問我如果我有一年空閒的時間，我要做什麽。)
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(3)
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直：
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He said, “If the weather weren't cold today, I would go swimming.”
(他說， “今天如果不冷，我就去游泳了。”)
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間：
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He said that if the weather hadn't been cold that day, he would have gone swimming.
(他說那天如果不冷，他就去游泳了。)
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(4)
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直：
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He said, “If I didn't have to go to class this afternoon, he would go downtown with you.”
(他說， “如果今天下午我不必上課，我就陪你去市區。”)
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間：
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He said if he hadn't had to go to class that afternoon, he would have gone downtown with me.
(他說如果他那天下午不必上課，他就陪我去市區了。 )
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ｄ.
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直接敍述裡的條件句若是“…過去完成式…， …過去式助動詞+完成式不定詞…”，由於無法再變而保持 原狀。 如：
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(1)
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直：
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He said, “If my parents hadn't been poor I could have gone to university.”
(他說， “如果當初我的父母不窮，我就能上大學了。”)
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間：
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He said that if his parents hadn't been poor he could have gone to university.
(他說如果當時他的父母不窮，他就能上大學了。)
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(2)
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直：
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He said, “If I had realized what you intended, I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.”
(他說， “我若是瞭解你的意思，我也不會浪費時間要來向你解釋了。”)
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間：
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He said that if he had realized what I intended, he would not have wasted his time trying to explain matters to me.
(他說他若是瞭解我的意思，他也不會浪費時間要來向我解釋了。)
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