二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義:
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用:
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置:
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同:
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變:
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變:
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變:
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變:
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9.
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引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變:
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1.
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原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如:
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2.
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若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敍述裡仍用現在式。 如:
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續 上 期
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3.
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Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變:
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A.
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被用來詢問對方的觀點或訊息時,相當於 Do you think if I shall ...? 改變成間接敍述時則用 he/they would。 如:
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(1)
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直:
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He said, “Shall I be in Taipei in time for supper if I catch the 13:30 train?” (他說, “如果我乘十三點半的火車,來不來得及到台北吃晚飯?”)
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間:
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He asked if he would be in Taipei in time for supper if he caught the 13:30 train. (他問如果他乘十三點半的火車,他是否來得及到台北吃晚飯。)
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(2)
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直:
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“Shall we succeed in our examinations?” they wondered. (“我們會不會考取?” 他們很想知道。)
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間:
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They wondered if they would succeed in their examinations. (他們很想知道會不會考取。)
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B.
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被用來請求指示時,相當於 Do you want / allow me to...? 改變成間接敍述時用 he / they should。 如:
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(1)
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直:
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“Shall I marry him?” Mary said to her mother. (“我要不要嫁給他?” 瑪麗對她的母親說。)
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間:
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Mary asked her mother if she should marry him. (瑪麗問她的母親是不是要她嫁給他。)
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(2)
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直:
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The students said, “Shall we clean the windows, Miss Lee?” (那些學生說, “要不要我們擦窗子, 李老師?”)
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間:
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The students asked Miss Lee if they should clean the windows. (那些學生問李老師要不要他們擦窗子。)
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(註)
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引述動詞是現在式時,請求指示的 “Shall I/we? 在間接敍述裡也要改爲 he/they should。 如:
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直:
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He says, “Shall I carry your luggage for you?” (他說, “要不要我替你搬行李?”)
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間:
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He wants to know if he should carry my luggage for me. (他想知道我是否要他替我搬行李。)
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C.
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被用來提出建議時,間接敍述裡的主要動詞用 suggest, that 子句裡的動詞在正式的場合都是用 “should+原形” (英)或“原形” (美)。—— 在非正式的場合常用過去式。suggest 之後也可接動名詞。 如:
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(1)
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直:
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“Shall we meet at the airport?” he said.
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or:
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“Let's meet at the airport, shall we?” he said. (“我們在機場見,好嗎?” 他說。)
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間:
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He suggested that we (should) meet at the airport.
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or:
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He suggested that we met at the airport.
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or:
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He suggested our meeting at the airport. (他提議我們在機場相見。)
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(2)
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直:
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He said, “Shall we not say anything about it till we hear the facts?”
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or:
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He said, “Let's not say anything about it till we hear the facts, shall we?” (他說, “得知事實真相之前,我們不要妄加評論,好不好?”)
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間:
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He suggested that they shouldn't say (or they not say) anything about it till they heard the facts.
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or:
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He suggested not saying anything about it till they heard the facts.
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or:
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He suggested saying nothing about. (他建議他們在得知事實真相前不要妄加評論。)
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