二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義:
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用:
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置:
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同:
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變:
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變:
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變:
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變:
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9.
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引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變:
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1.
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原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如:
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2.
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若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敍述裡仍用現在式。 如:
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3.
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Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變:
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•
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續 上 期
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4.
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must可以保持不變,但由於有多種作用,因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。
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A.
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表示 “必要 (necessary)”—— 中文所謂的 “必要” 可能具有以下各種作用:
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a.
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表示長久的指令或轉述某一項規定——間接敍述裡依然用 must。 如:
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(1)
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直:
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He said, “This door must be kept locked.” (他說, “這扇門必須鎖住。”)
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間:
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He said that the door must be kept locked. (他說那扇門必須鎖住。)
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(2)
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直:
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“Every driver must have a driver's license,” he said to me. (“每一位開車的人都必須有駕駛執照,” 他對我說。)
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間:
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He told me that every driver must have a driver's license. (他告訴我每一位開車的人都必須有駕駛執照。)
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(3)
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直:
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He said to us, “You mustn't cross the road against the red light.” (他對我們說, “你們不可以闖紅燈穿越馬路。”)
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間:
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He told us we mustn't cross the road against the red light. (他告訴我們不可以闖紅燈穿越馬路。)
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(4)
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直:
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He said, “You mustn't forget that the children of today are the world leaders of tomorrow.” (他說, “你們不可以忘記今日的兒童即是明日的世界領袖。”)
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間:
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He told us we mustn't forget that the children of today are the world leaders of tomorrow. (他要我們不可以忘記今日的兒童即是明日的世界領袖。)
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b.
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表示非立即的、非近期的或時間未確定的未來——此種作用的must相當於 will have to,因此在間接敍述裡通常都轉換成 would have to。 如:
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(1)
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直:
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“We must (= will have to) mend the roof next year,” he said. (“我們明年必須修理屋頂。” 他說。)
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間:
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He said that they would have to mend the roof the following year. (他說下一年他們必須修理屋頂。)
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(2)
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直:
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“If the floods get worse, we must leave the house,” he said. (“如果這場洪水變得更厲害,我們必須離開家。” 他說。)
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間:
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He said that if the floods got worse, they would have to leave the house. (他說如果那場洪水變得更厲害,他們就必須離開家了。)
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(3)
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直:
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“I have just received a letter,” he said. “I must go home.” (“我剛收到了一封信,” 他說。“我必須回家去。”)
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間:
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He said that he had just received a letter and would have to go home. (他說他剛收到一封信,他必須回家去。)
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如果是表示 “立即” 或 “限於某時” 要回家,以用 had to 爲佳。
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