第五篇      動      詞 

    第八章  直接敘述與間接敘述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)

 

Constant dropping wears away a stone.

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from 賀氏英文法全書

二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)

1.

間接敘述的定義

2.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用

3.

引述動詞之使用及其位置

4.

疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同

5.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變

6.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變

7.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變

8.

直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變

9.

引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變

 

1.

原則上由現在式改為過去式。  如:

 

2.

若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敍述裡仍用現在式。  如:

 

3.

Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變:

 

 

 

 

續 上 期

 

4.

must可以保持不變,但由於有多種作用,因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。

 

 

A.

表示 “必要 (necessary)”—— 中文所謂的 “必要” 可能具有以下各種作用:

 

 

 

a.

表示長久的指令或轉述某一項規定——間接敍述裡依然用 must。  如:

 

 

 

 

(1)

直:

He said,  “This door must be kept locked.”
(他說, “這扇門必須鎖住。”)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He said that the door must be kept locked.
(他說那扇門必須鎖住。)

 

 

 

 

(2)

直:

“Every driver must have a driver's license,” he said to me.
(“每一位開車的人都必須有駕駛執照,” 他對我說。)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He told me that every driver must have a driver's license.
(他告訴我每一位開車的人都必須有駕駛執照。)

 

 

 

 

(3)

直:

He said to us,  “You mustn't cross the road against the red light.”
(他對我們說, “你們不可以闖紅燈穿越馬路。”)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He told us we mustn't cross the road against the red light.
(他告訴我們不可以闖紅燈穿越馬路。)

 

 

 

 

(4)

直:

He said,  “You mustn't forget that the children of today are the world leaders of tomorrow.”
(他說, “你們不可以忘記今日的兒童即是明日的世界領袖。”)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He told us we mustn't forget that the children of today are the world leaders of tomorrow.
(他要我們不可以忘記今日的兒童即是明日的世界領袖。)

 

 

 

b.

表示非立即的、非近期的或時間未確定的未來——此種作用的must相當於 will have to,因此在間接敍述裡通常都轉換成 would have to。  如:

 

 

 

 

(1)

直:

“We must (= will have to) mend the roof next year,” he said.
(“我們明年必須修理屋頂。” 他說。)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He said that they would have to mend the roof the following year.
(他說下一年他們必須修理屋頂。)

 

 

 

 

(2)

直:

“If the floods get worse, we must leave the house,” he said.
(“如果這場洪水變得更厲害,我們必須離開家。” 他說。)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He said that if the floods got worse, they would have to leave the house.
(他說如果那場洪水變得更厲害,他們就必須離開家了。)

 

 

 

 

(3)

直:

“I have just received a letter,” he said. “I must go home.”
(“我剛收到了一封信,” 他說。“我必須回家去。”)

 

 

 

 

 

間:

He said that he had just received a letter and would have to go home.
(他說他剛收到一封信,他必須回家去。)

 

 

 

 

 

 

如果是表示 “立即” 或 “限於某時” 要回家,以用 had to 爲佳。

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