二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義:
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用:
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置:
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同:
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變:
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變:
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變:
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變:
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9.
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引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變:
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1.
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原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如:
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2.
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若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敍述裡仍用現在式。 如:
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3.
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Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變:
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4.
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must可以保持不變,但由於有多種作用,因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。
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A.
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表示 “必要 (necessary)”—— 中文所謂的 “必要” 可能具有以下各種作用:
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a.
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表示長久的指令或轉述某一項規定——間接敍述裡依然用 must。 如:
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b.
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表示非立即的、非近期的或時間未確定的未來——此種作用的 must 相當於 will have to,因此在間接敍述裡通常都轉換成 would have to。 如:
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5.
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need 的變與不變:
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could 的變與不變: |
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A. |
表示 “能力 (ability)”: |
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•
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續 上 期
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B.
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表示 “許可 (permission)”:
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在 “if ... 過去式 ..., ...could+原形 ...” 這樣條件句裡的 could,以及其他表示過去許可的 could,都可以保持不變,但是也可以改變,前者可變成 would be allowed to,而後者可變成 was/were allowed to 或 had been allowed to。 如:
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(1) |
直: |
“If I paid my fine, I could walk out of prison today,” he said. (“如果我付了罰款,我今天就能出獄。” 他說。)
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間: |
He said that if he paid his fine, he could (or would be allowed to) walk out of prison that day. (他說如果他付了罰款,他那天就能出獄。)
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(2) |
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He said, “When I was a boy, I could stay up as long as I liked.” (他說, “我是個孩子時,我想要熬夜熬多久,就可以熬多久。”)
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間: |
He said that when he was a boy, he could (or was allowed to) stay up as long as he liked. (他說他是個孩子時,他想要熬夜熬多久,就可以熬多久。)
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or: |
He said that as a boy he was (or had been) allowed to stay up as long as he liked. (同上。)
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C. |
表示 “可能 (possibility)”——保持不變。 如: |
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(1) |
直: |
I said, “You could be right.” (我說, “你可能是對的。”)
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間: |
I felt he could be right. (我覺得他可能是對的。)
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(2) |
直: |
“He could be very unreasonable when he was a boy,” his sister said. (“他小的時候有時很不講理,” 他姐姐說。)
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間: |
His sister said that he could be very unreasonable when he was a boy. (他姐姐說他小的時候有時很不講理。)
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