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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同：
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，人稱代名詞之改變：
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，this 和 these 之改變：
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，時間副詞與地方副詞之改變：
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，動詞的時態之變與不變：
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9.
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引述動詞是過去式時，助動詞之變與不變：
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1.
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原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如：
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2.
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若直接敍述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實，間接敍述裡仍用現在式。 如：
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3.
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Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義，因此在間接敍述裡也有各種不同的改變：C
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4.
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must可以保持不變，但由於有多種作用，因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。C
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5.
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need 的變與不變：
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6. |
could 的變與不變： |
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續 上 期
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7. |
should/ought to 的變與不變： |
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A.
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表示 “適當” 或 “預料” 時 (中文均譯作 “應該”) 均保持不變。 如：
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(1) |
直： |
She said, “I should go and see Mary some time.”C
(她說， “我應該找個時間去看瑪麗。”)C |
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間： |
She thought she should go and see Mary some time.C
(她認爲她應該找個時間去看瑪麗。) |
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(2) |
直： |
She said, “We should get a letter from her tomorrow.”C
(她說， “明天我們應該收到她的信。”)C |
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間： |
She expected that they should get a letter from her the following day.
(她預料第二天他們應該收到她的信。)C |
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B.
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shall 的過去式 should (不作 “應該” 講) 應隨著主詞轉換成二、三人稱而改成 would。 如：
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(1) |
直： |
He said, “I should be delighted to come (if I was free).”IC
(他說， “〔如果我有空，〕我會很高興來的。”)C |
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間： |
He said he would be delighted to come.
(他說他會很高興來的。)C |
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(2) |
直： |
She said, “I should like something to drink now.”C
(她說， “我現在想要一點喝的。”)C |
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間： |
She said she would like something to drink.
(她說她想要一點喝的。) |
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C.
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表示 “忠告，勸告，建議” 的 should/ought to 保持不變，也可變換成“advise+O.+不定詞 ”的結構。 如：
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(1) |
直： |
“You should (or ought to) keep the gate locked,” she said.C
(“你們應該把大門鎖好。” 她說。)C |
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間： |
She advised that we should keep the gate locked.
(她建議我們把大門鎖好。)C |
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or: |
She advised us to keep the gate locked.
(她建議我們把大門鎖好。) |
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(2) |
直： |
“You should (or ought to) read the instructions.” she said.C
(“你應該閱讀這些說明。” 她說。)C |
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間： |
She said that he should (or ought to) read the instructions.C
(她說他應該讀一讀那些說明。)C |
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or: |
She advised him to read the instructions.
(她建議他閱讀那些說明。) |
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(註) |
(a) |
advise 的含義是 “建議” 時，相當於 suggest，因而和 suggest一樣 後面的that子句裡不可用 ought to, 只可用should (美語中總是省略的)。該 that 子句也可換成動名詞。 如：C |
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(1) |
直： |
“We advise that steps (should) be taken at once,” he said.C
(“我們建議立即採取措施。” 他說。)C |
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間： |
They advised that steps (should) be taken at once.C
(他們建議立即採取措施。) |
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or: |
They advised taking steps at once. (同上。) C |
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(2) |
直： |
“We advise that they (should) start early,” he said.C
(“我們建議他們早些出發。” 他說。)C |
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間： |
They advised that we (should) start early.
(他們建議我們早些出發。)C |
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or: |
They advised (our) starting early. (同上。) |
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(b) |
“if I were you, I should ...”這種表示勸告的條件句，其中的should可以保持不變，也可變成 “advise+O.+不定詞”。 如：C |
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直： |
“If I were you, I'd wait,” he said.
(“我要是你，我會等的。” 他說。)C |
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間： |
He advised that I should wait.
(他建議我等一等。)C |
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or: |
He advised me to wait. (同上。) |
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