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5.
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若干特殊形式的被動語態：
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6.
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主動的形式，被動的含義：
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•
•
•
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續 上 期
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7.
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被動的形式，主動的含義：
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許多句子裡的動詞部分好像是 “be＋p.p.”，看起來是被動的形式，其實是主動 —— 因爲其中的過去分詞並非動的一部分，而是形容詞 (參閱 p.585註, p.646)。如：
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(1)
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I'm determined (or I have determined) to become a teacher.
(我決心作一名教師。)
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比
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較：
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I'm glad (or I'm pleased) to become a teacher.
(我很樂於當教師。)
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(2)
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He was graduated (or He graduated) from Beijing University in 1989.
(他一九八九年畢業於北京大學。)
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(3)
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We must be prepared for the worst.
(我們必須作最壞的準備。)
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(4)
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How soon will you be finished, dear?
(你還要多久做好啊，親愛的?)
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(5)
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I'm not acquainted with that lady.
(我不認識那位女士。)
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(6)
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I would rather be starved (or starve) to death.
(我寧願餓死。)
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(7)
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I will be revenged on him.
(我一定要向他報復。)
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(8)
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He's occupied in translating an English novel.
(他正忙著翻譯一本英文小說。)
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(9)
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His sister and my brother got married last Sunday.
(他的妹妹和我弟弟上星期日結婚的。)
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只說 “結婚”，沒有說 “跟某人結婚” 時，通常只用 “get married”，不用 “marry”，如上 例中的 got married 不要改用married。
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再如：When are you going to get married? (不說：... to marry?)
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(你們打算什麽時候結婚?)
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說跟 “某人結婚”，既可以用 “marry＋某人”，也可用 “get (or be) married to＋某人”。如：
Will you marry me?
(你願不願意和我結婚?——你願不願意嫁給〔娶〕我?)
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She married (or got married to) an engineer.
(她嫁給了一位工程師。)
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I've been married to you for over twenty years and I still don't know what goes on inside your head.
(我和你結婚已經二十幾年了，我還是不知道你的腦子裡在想些什麽。)
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8.
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英語是被動，國語卻是主動：
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有些場合，由於中西表達的方式不同，往往英語是被動而國語卻是主動，因此，不要將所有的 “be＋p.p.” 都譯成 “被…”。如：
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(1)
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Please be seated, gentlemen.
(請“坐”，各位先生。)
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(2)
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He was taken ill (or was seized with an ill ness) yesterday.
(他昨天 “得了病”。)
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(3)
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You will be drowned if you are not careful.
(你若是不小心，就會 “淹死”。)
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(4)
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The ship was wrecked off the coast of Fukien.
(該船在福建海岸 “遇難” 了。)
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(5)
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A new supermarket has just been opened.
(有一家新的超級市場剛剛 “開業”。)
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