第五篇 動 詞
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第八章 直接敘述與間接敘述 (Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)
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二、間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義:
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,連接詞之使用:
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置:
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4.
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疑問句在間接敘述與直接敘述裡字序之不同:
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5.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,人稱代名詞之改變:
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6.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,this 和 these 之改變:
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7.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,時間副詞與地方副詞之改變:
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8.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時,動詞的時態之變與不變:
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9.
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引述動詞是過去式時,助動詞之變與不變:
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1.
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原則上由現在式改為過去式。 如:
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2.
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若直接敘述裡所談的到現在引述時仍然是事實,間接敘述裡仍用現在式。 如:
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3.
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Shall I/we...? 有各種不同的含義,因此在間接敘述裡也有各種不同的改變:C
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4.
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must可以保持不變,但由於有多種作用,因而可能有其他詞語可以代替。C
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5.
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need 的變與不變:
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6.
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could 的變與不變:
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7. |
should/ought to 的變與不變: |
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•
•
•
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續 上 期
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8.
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might 的變與不變:
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might 通常都是保持不變,但用作請求 (詳閱 p.741) 時往往變成 “ask+O.+不定詞” 的結構。 如:
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(1)
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直:
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“Sunny might visit us today,” she said. (“桑妮今天可能來看我們。” 她說。)
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間:
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She thought Sunny might visit them that day.C (她認為桑妮那天可能會去看他們。)C
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(2)
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直:
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“You might mail these for me,” she said. (“請你為我寄出這些東西,” 她說。)C
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間:
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She asked me to mail them for her. (她請我替她把它們寄出。)C
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9.
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had better/used to 保持不變:
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(1)
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直:
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He said, “I think she's still living where she used to.”C (他說,“我想她還是住在她以前住的地方。”)C
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間:
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He said he thought she was still living where she used to.C (他說他認為她還是住在她以前住的地方。)C
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(2)
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直:
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He said, “You had better set out as soon as possible.”C (他說,“你們最好盡可能早點動身。”)C
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間:
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He said we had better set out as soon as possible. (他說我們最好儘快動身。)C
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(註)
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had better 是表示 “勸告”,因此間接敘述裡,you had better 也可用 “advise+O.+不定詞”的結構。 如:C
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直:
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“You had better hurry, Sunny!” he said. (“你最好快點,桑妮!” 他說。)C
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間:
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He said that Sunny had better hurry. (他說桑妮最好快點。)C
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or:
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He advised Sunny to hurry. (他勸桑妮最好快點。)
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from
賀氏英文法全書
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