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二. 間接敘述 (Indirect Speech or Reported Speech)
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1.
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間接敘述的定義：
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•
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2.
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直接敘述轉換成間接敘述時，連接詞之使用：
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續 上 期
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3.
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引述動詞之使用及其位置：
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1.
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在直接敍述裡，無論被引用語是敍述句、祈使句、疑問句還是感歎句，引述動詞都可用 say。如：
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(1)
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Sunny said, “I love him.”
(桑妮說，“我愛他。”)
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(2)
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He said, “Let's stop now and finish it later.”
(他說，“我們現在停下來，以後再完成吧。”)
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(3)
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He said, “Could (or Would) you give me a hand?”
(他說，“你能不能幫我一個忙?”)
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(4)
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He said, “What a dreadful idea!”
(他說，“多麽可怕的主意啊!”)
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2.
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say 的主詞是名詞而且不是放在句首時，往往倒置。如：
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(1)
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“I'm sorry I'm late,” said Sunny (or Sunny said).
(“很抱歉我遲到了，” 桑妮說。)
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(2)
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“Don't touch it,” said the small boy (or the small boy said).
(“別碰它，” 那個小男孩說。)
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(註)
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(a)
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“say + to + 某人” 在英語中只可置於被引用語之後(即句尾)。但在美語中也有置於被引用語之前(即句首)或前後引用語的中間。
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(1) |
“Sunny might ring today,” her mother said to me. (英、美)
(“桑妮今天可能會打電話來。” 她母親對我說。) |
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(2) |
Her mother said to me, “Sunny might ring today.”(美)
(她母親對我說，“桑妮今天可能會打電話來。”) |
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(3) |
“Sunny,” her mother said to me, “might ring today.” (美)
(她母親對我說, “桑妮也許今天會打電話來。”) |
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(b)
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有學者主張 say 之後接 “to+某人” 時，前面做主詞的名詞不可放在say之後 (即不可倒置)。但此一主張並未受到普遍認同，以下即是一例：
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“When you see Mrs. Pitt, don't forget to take off your cap,” said the mother to the small boy.
(“你見到彼得夫人時不要忘了摘掉你的帽子，” 那母親對那小男孩說。)
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3.
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said 也可以用在間接敍述裡，後接 that 子句。
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(1)
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直：
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“If my children were older, I would emigrate,” he said.
(“要是我的孩子們更大些，我會移民的,” 他說。)
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間：
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He said that if his children were older, he would emigrate.
(他說要是他的孩子們更大些他會移民的。)
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(2)
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直：
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He said, “My father died a month ago.”
(他說，“我父親一個月前去世了。”)
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間：
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He said (that) his father had died a month before.
(他說他父親一個月前去世了。)
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