|
20.
|
現在完成式的疑難：
|
|
|
1.
|
敘述過去的動作為何不用過去式而要用現在完成式呢?
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
|
|
|
7.
|
表示 "到某地去" 的 have gone 和 have been 有何不同?
|
|
|
8.
|
have gone 與 be gone 有何不同 ?
|
|
|
9.
|
have come 和 have been 的含義是否相同?
|
|
|
10.
|
have got 和 have gotten 有何不同？
|
|
|
11.
|
為什麼 "I have seen his grandfather, who died of hunger." 這個句子裡的 have seen 有問題?
|
|
|
12.
|
為什麼 "He has died for three years." 這個句子是不正確的 ?
|
|
|
13.
|
"for＋若干時間" 所修飾的動詞可否用過去式？
|
|
|
14.
|
since 子句裡可否用現在完成式？
|
|
|
15.
|
"He has lived in Taipei more than three years since he returned from abroad." 錯在哪裡？
|
|
|
16.
|
"Father works from morning till night, day after day." 裡的 from 可否改用 since？
|
|
|
17.
|
"Yesterday Father said he could not go with us, but since then he has changed his mind." 這個句子是不是表示"爸爸的主意從那時起到現在一直都在改變"？
|
|
|
|
•
•
•
|
|
|
|
續 上 期
|
|
|
18.
|
"I have known a lot of English." 這個句子錯在哪裡？
|
|
|
|
A.
|
我們中國人常說我已經懂了，我已經知道了，可是英美人卻不可說 I have known 或 I have understand，只說 I know, I understand。英文裡說現在知道用現在式，說過去知道用過去式，不說什麼 "已經知道" 。除了 know / understand 而外，其他如 think (認為)，believe (相信)，wonder (不知道) 等類似的知覺動詞也都是如此。如：
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
不可問：Have you known Sunny is going to be married?
|
|
|
|
|
|
應該問：Do you know Sunny is going to be married?
|
|
|
|
|
|
(你知不知道桑妮就要結婚了?)
|
|
|
|
|
|
不可答：Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
|
|
|
|
|
|
應該答：Yes, I do (= know). / No, I don't (= don't know).
|
|
|
|
|
|
(我知道。/ 我不知道。)
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
不可說：I have understood that you are now married.
|
|
|
|
|
|
應該說：I understand that you are now married.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(我聽說你現在已經結婚了。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
也可說：I have heard that you are now married.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(我已聽說你現在已經結婚了。)
|
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
不可說：He has known a lot of English.
|
|
|
|
|
|
應該說：He knows a lot of English.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(他懂得很多英語。)
|
|
|
|
|
|
也可說：He has learned a lot of English.
|
|
|
|
|
|
(他已懂得很多英語。)
|
|
|
|
|
(4)
|
不可說：Hello！ I haven't known you are in Taipei. How long have you been here?
|
|
|
|
|
|
應該說：Hello！ I didn't know you are in Taipei. How long have you been here?
|
|
|
|
|
|
(喂！我不知道你在臺北。你來這兒有多久了?)
|
|
|
|
B.
|
這類動詞並非絕對不可用完成式，和 sometimes, often, never 等頻率副詞在一起可以用現在完成式以表示 "到現在為止屢次或從來沒有" 的含義，或和 for... / since... 用在一起 以表示 "到現在為止已經持續了多久" 的含義。茲用例句加以說明：
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
I have sometimes thought that I should go back to my native land.
(有時我認為我應該回到家鄉。)
|
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
I have often wondered why he didn't marry her.
(我常常想他為什麼不娶她。)
|
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
I have never believed their theories.
(我從不相信他們的理論。)
|
|
|
|
|
(4)
|
I have known him for many years.
(我已經認識他多年了。)
|
|
|
|
|
(5)
|
I have known him since I was a child.
(我從孩堤時代就認識他了。)
|
|
|
19.
|
"This is the first time that I hear him say 'thank you'." 這個句子錯在哪裡?
|
|
|
|
以下各種結構的 that 子句裡的動詞都要用現在完成式，因為都是敘述到現在為止所有過的經 驗。
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
This / that / it is the first / second / third /... time that... 現在完成式...
|
|
|
|
(b)
|
This / that / it is the only... that... 現在完成式...
|
|
|
|
(c)
|
This / that / it is the＋最高級形容詞 ... that... 現在完成式 (通常都有 ever)...
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
不可說：This is the first time (that) I hear him say "thank you".
|
|
|
|
|
應該說：This is the first time (that) I have heard him say "thank you".
|
|
|
|
|
(這是我第一次聽他說 "謝謝"。)
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
That's the fourteenth beer (that) you've drunk this evening.
(那是你今天晚上所喝的第十四瓶啤酒。)
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
This is the only party (that) I've ever really enjoyed in my life.
(這是我平生真正欣賞的唯一的一次聚會。)
|
|
|
|
(4)
|
It's one of the most interesting books (that) I've ever read.
(它是我曾讀過的最有趣的書之一。)
|
|
|
|
(5)
|
Today's paper says that this is the heaviest rain that we've had for thirty years.
(今天的報紙說這是三十年來最大的一場雨。)
|
|
|
(註)
|
下面兩句的含義相似，不同的是第一句是在強調 "the first time (第一次)" 的語氣：
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
This is the first time I've been here.
(這是我到這裡來的第一次。)
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
I am here for the first time.
(我第一次來這裡。)
|
留言列表
留言列表
