b 賀氏英文法全書 a

 發行網站:http://www.hosenglish.com.

 顧問:賀氏英文法全書作者

 發行者:Sunny

 賀立民    教授

 E-mailservice@hosenglish.com

 發報日期:2006.2.20

 

 

當一個句子裡含有從屬子句時,從屬子句的動詞時態需要依據主要子句的動詞時態而定,以表示出兩者之間的時間關係,這種以動詞時態來顯示兩者的時間關係,即稱爲時態的一致 (Sequence of Tenses)”

 

以下是時態一致的基本原則:

1.

主要子句與名詞子句時態的一致:

 

1.

主要子句裡的動詞是“現在式”、“現在完成式”、“未來式”時,名詞子句裡的動詞可按其所涉及的時間用任何適當的時態。如:

 

 

(1)

I think

he often does it.

he is doing it.

he has done it .

he will do it.

he has been doing it.

he did it yesterday.

he was doing it then.

he had done it by that time.

he had been doing it till then.

he will be doing it then.

he will have done it by noon.

he will have been doing it several hours by the time you return. 

 

 

(2)

We'll know

whether he often comes.

whether he came yesterday.

whether he will come tomorrow.

whether he is coming tomorrow.

whether he has ever come.

 

 

(3)

I have heard

it is so.

it was so.

it will be so.

it has ever been so.

 

 

(4)

She wants to know if she'll be in time.
(
她想知道她來不來得及。)

 

 

(5)

He'll certainly ask you if your operation was successful.
(他一定會問你你的手術是不是很成功。)

 

 

(6)

I've already told you that I don't want to go.
(
我已經告訴過你我不想去。)

 

2.

主要子句裡的動詞是過去式時,名詞子句裡的動詞必須用過去的形式

 

 

A.

主要子句裡的動詞是過去式時,名詞子句裡的動詞不可用現在式,應該用過去式,以表示與主要子句的動作同時。如:

 

 

 

(1)

I said I

do not know   (×

him.

did not know   ()

 

 

 

 

(我說我不認識他。)

 

 

 

(2)

I did not know he

is   (×

our new principal.

was   () 

 

 

 

 

(我不知道他是我們的新校長。)

 

 

 

(3)

I asked what he

wants.   (×)

wanted.   ()

 

 

 

 

(我問他要什麽。)

 

 

 

(

)

(a)

主要子句裡的動詞無論是何種時態,如果名詞子句是敍述真理或不變的事實,動詞永遠用現在式。如:

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

I

say

that a rolling stone

gathered   (×)

no moss.

said

gathers   ()

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(我說滾石不生苔。—— 我說轉業不聚財。)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2)

Formerly people did not know that the earth

moved.   (×)

moves.   ()

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(從前,人們不知道地球運轉。)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3)

Our legal advisor pointed out that all persons under 20 are legally considered minors.
(我們的法律顧問指出凡20歲以下者在法律上都被認爲是未成年人。)

 

 

 

 

 

(b)

過去所說的事情,現在依然是事實時,應該用現在式。如:

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

He said he gets up before six every morning.
(
他說他每晨六時以前起床。)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

本句的含義是:他過去的習慣 (說的時候的習慣) 是每晨六時以前起床,並且現在 沒有改變此一習慣。

 

 

 

 

 

 

He said he got up before six every morning.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

本句的含義是:他過去的習慣 (說的時候的習慣) 是每晨六時以前起床,可是此一習慣可能已 經改變了, 或我不知道他現在是否仍有此一習慣,或他現在根本不在人世了。

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2)

She told me this morning that her husband is still at work in the lawyer's office.
(
她今天早晨告訴我她的先生還在那個律師事務所工作。)

 

 

 

 

 

 

She told me one year ago that her husband

is   (×)

still at work in the lawyer's office.

was    ()

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(一年以前她告訴我她的先生仍在那律師事務所工作。)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3)

She told me the other day that she is only 18.
(幾天前她告訴我她只有十八歲。)

 

 

 

 

 

 

She told me the other day that she

is   (×)

sick.

was    ()

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(幾天前她告訴我她病了。)

 

 
 
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